Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 40.
Early peoples had no need of engineering works to supply their water. Hunters and nomads camped near natural sources of fresh water, and populations were so sparse that pollution of the water supply was not a serious problem. After community life developed and agricultural villages became urban centers, the problem of supplying water became important for inhabitants of a city, as well as for irrigation of the farms surrounding the city. Irrigation works were known in prehistoric times, and before 2000 BC the rulers of Babylonia and Egypt constructed systems of dams and canals to impound the flood waters of the Euphrates and Nile rivers, controlling floods and providing irrigation water throughout the dry season. Such irrigation canals also supplied water for domestic purposes. The first people to consider the sanitation of their water supply were the ancient Romans, who constructed a vast system of aqueducts to bring the clean waters of the Apennine Mountains into the city and built basins and filters along these mains to ensure the clarity of the water. The construction of such extensive water-supply systems declined when the Roman Empire disintegrated, and for several centuries local springs and wells formed the main source of domestic and industrial water.
The invention of the force pump in England in the middle of the 16th century greatly extended the possibilities of development of water-supply systems. In London, the first pumping waterworks was completed in 1562; it pumped river water to a reservoir about 37 m above the level of the River Thames and from the reservoir the water was distributed by gravity, through lead pipes, to buildings in the vicinity. Increased per-capita demand has coincided with water shortages in many countries. Southeast England, for example, receives only 14 per cent of Britain's rainfall, has30 per cent of its population, and has experienced declining winter rainfall since the 1980s.
In recent years a great deal of interest has been shown in the conversion of seawater to fresh water to provide drinking water for very dry areas, such as the Middle East. Several different processes, including distillation, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and direct-freeze evaporation, have been developed for this purpose. Some of these processes have been used in large facilities in the United States. Although these processes are successful, the cost of treating seawater is much higher than that for treating fresh water.
From A. Briggs’ article on culture, Microsoft® Student 2008
Clean water supply was first taken into consideration by ______.
A. the US people
B. the English people
C. the ancient Romans
D. the Egyptians
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
C
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích:
Việc cung cấp nước sạch lần đầu tiên được đưa ra cân nhắc bởi __________.
A. người dân Hoa Kỳ B. người Anh
C. người La Mã cổ đại D. người Ai Cập
Thông tin: The first people to consider the sanitation of their water supply were the ancient Romans
Tạm dịch: Người đầu tiên cân nhắc tới việc đảm bảo vệ sinh cho việc cung cấp nước chính là những người La Mã cổ
Chọn C
Dịch bài đọc:
Loài người thuở sơ khai không cần đến các công trình với mục đích cung cấp nước. Thợ săn và du mục thường cắm trại ở gần các nguồn nước sạch tự nhiên và dân cư thì quá thưa thớt để việc cung cấp nước trở thành 1 vấn đề cấp thiết. Sau khi cuộc sống cộng đồng phát triển và các ngôi làng nông nghiệp trở thành các trung tâm đô thị thì vấn đề cung cấp nước đã trở nên quan trọng đối với các cư dân thành thị cũng như là việc tưới tiêu cho các nông trại ở xung quanh thành phố. Công việc tưới tiêu đã được biết tới từ thời tiền sử và trước năm 2000 trước Công nguyên, nhà thống trị đế chế Babylon và Ai Cập đã cho xây dựng các hệ thống đập và kênh rạch để ngăn nước lũ từ sông Euphrates và sông Nile, qua đó kiểm soát lũ lụt và cung cấp nước phục vụ cho công cuộc tưới tiêu vào mùa khô. Nước từ các kênh rạch đồng thời cũng được cung cấp để phục vụ cho mục đích dân sinh. Người đầu tiên cân nhắc tới việc đảm bảo vệ sinh cho việc cung cấp nước chính là những người La Mã cổ, họ đã cho xây dựng 1 hệ thống thủy điện cỡ lớn để dẫn nước sạch từ dãy Apennine xuống các thành phố và cho xây dựng thêm các lưu vực và bộ lọc chạy dọc theo các ống dẫn để đảm bảo độ sạch của nước. Việc xây dựng các hệ thống cung cấp nước rộng lớn như vậy đã suy tàn khi mà Đế chế La Mã sụp đổ, và trong nhiều thế kỷ, nguồn nước chủ yếu là được lấy từ các suối và giếng để phục vụ mục đích dân sinh và công nghiệp.
Việc phát minh ra máy bơm ở Anh vào giữa thế kỷ 16 đã mở rộng đáng kể tiềm năng phát triển các hệ thống cấp nước. Ở London, máy bơm nước đầu tiên được hoàn thành vào năm 1562, nó bơm nước sông Thames vào hồ chứa cao hơn khoảng 37 m so với mực nước sông và từ hồ chứa đó, nước được phân bổ đi bằng cách hút, rồi đi qua các đường ống dẫn đến các tòa nhà trong những vùng lân cận.
Nhu cầu của số bình quân đầu người tăng cao khiến cho sự thiếu hụt nước xảy ra trên phạm vi nhiều quốc gia. Khu vực phía Đông Nam nước Anh là 1 ví dụ, trong khi chỉ nhận được 14% trên tổng lượng mưa nước Anh nhưng lại chứa tới 30% tổng số dân trên toàn quốc, và có lượng mưa mùa đông bị giảm đi từ những năm 1830. Trong những năm gần đây, có rất nhiều sự quan tâm dành cho công cuộc biến nước biển thành nước sạch để phục vụ cho các vùng hạn hán, chẳng hạn như Trung Đông. Trong đó có một vài quá trình bao gồm trưng cất, thẩm tách bằng điện, thẩm thấu ngược, bốc hơi đã được phát triển để phục vụ cho mục đích này. Một số quá trình này đã được sử dụng trong các cơ sở lớn ở Hoa Kỳ. Nhưng mặc dù có thành công đi chăng nữa thì chi phí cho việc xử lí nước biển vẫn cao hơn rất nhiều so với chi phí xử lí nước sạch.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 8 to 19.
It is claimed that new nuclear power plants ______ to be safer than the current ones are soon built.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 43 to 47. Fill in the appropriate word in question 44
THE GENERATION GAP
People talk about the generation gap as a kind of division between young people and their parents. It is something which is generally a problem when children enter their teenage years, and results (43)______ complaints on both side. Parents, for example, can often be heard to say that young people are (44)______ and disobedient and in addition tend to be irresponsible when spending because they don’t appreciate the (45)______ of money. Adolescents, on the other hand, complain that their parents don’t understand them.
What has gone wrong? One explanation lies in (46) ______society has changed. In the past, children would typically continue the way of life of their parents. In today’s world, parents are very (47) ______ for their children because they want them to achieve more than they did. The problem is that the children often don’t agree with their parents’ plans. Teenagers also reach maturity at an earlier age than they used to and want their independence sooner. The resulting conflict is painful to
both sides.
Adapted form Mastering Use of English
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 8 to 19.
The smell of the sea ______ him ______ to his childhood.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 8 to 19.
Modern skyscrapers have got a steel skeleton of beams and columns that forms a three-dimensional grid, ______?
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions from 20 to 21.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 8 to 19.
I wouldn’t like to be a senior manager. You have to ______ a lot of responsibility.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 8 to 19.
When he ______ us to go in, we ______ outside the exam room for over half and hour.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
You’re 25 years old, but you still haven’t cut the apron strings.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
She worked hard so everything would be ready in time.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 22 to 28.
The Internet started out as a limited network called the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). It was a network of computers that allowed communication even if computer became non-functioning. It was the academic and scientific community that adopted Internet, using a protocol called TCP/IP. TCP/IP allows a number of different network computers to be connected together. This is called the Internet. The Internet allows the creation the World Wide Web or the Web for short. The Web consists of Internet sites that allow data to be shared by others. Aside from making the Web possible, the Internet also makes e-mail, chat rom and file-sharing and telephoning possible. It even allows people to watch media and play games.
The Web can be read in a browser. A browser is simply a software program that uses HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) data transmission. This will allow you to view Web pages. HTTP let you browser read the text, graphics, animation, video and music that are on the Web page. It also enables you to click on a link on the page using the mouse. The links on a Web page that guide you to go from one Web page to another are called hyperlinks. A Web page usually contains many hyperlinks so that you can “browse” the Internet. It is much like reading a book. You can go from page to page and get new information. One example of a browser is Internet Explorer. In the address box of your browser, you can type in an address called a URL for “uniform resource locator”.
To be able to use the Internet, you must have a computer with an Internet connection and software that lets you view that Web pages. Internet connection is called a dial-up connection. It needs the use of your telephone to connect your computer to an Internet service. A faster type of connection is called broadband. This requires a cable or some other equipment. If you turn on the computer with a broadband connection, it connects you the Internet at a time.
Adapted from http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Web?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 43 to 47. Fill in the appropriate word in question 47
THE GENERATION GAP
People talk about the generation gap as a kind of division between young people and their parents. It is something which is generally a problem when children enter their teenage years, and results (43)______ complaints on both side. Parents, for example, can often be heard to say that young people are (44)______ and disobedient and in addition tend to be irresponsible when spending because they don’t appreciate the (45)______ of money. Adolescents, on the other hand, complain that their parents don’t understand them.
What has gone wrong? One explanation lies in (46) ______society has changed. In the past, children would typically continue the way of life of their parents. In today’s world, parents are very (47) ______ for their children because they want them to achieve more than they did. The problem is that the children often don’t agree with their parents’ plans. Teenagers also reach maturity at an earlier age than they used to and want their independence sooner. The resulting conflict is painful to
both sides.
Adapted form Mastering Use of English
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 8 to 19.
Project-based learning provides wonderful opportunities for students to develop their ______.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 8 to 19.
That sounds like a good offer. I ______ it if I ______ you.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in theposition ofprimary stress in each of the following questions from 29 to 30.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions from 20 to 21.
