Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Atomic were once thought to be fundamental pieces of matter, but they are in turn made of smaller subatomic particles There are three major subatomic particles neutrons, protons, and electronic. Protons and neutrons can be broken into even smaller units, but these smaller units not occur naturally in nature and are thought to only be produced in manmade particle accelerators and perhaps in extreme stellar events like supernovas. The structure of an atom can best be described as a small solar system, with the neutrons at the center and the electrons circling them in various orbits, just as the planets circle the sun. In reality, the structure of an atom is far more complex, because the laws of physics are fundamentally different at the atomic level than at the level of the observable word. The true nature of atomic structure can only be expressed accurately through complex mathematical formulas. This explanation, however, is of little use to most average people.
Protons and neutrons have nearly equal mass and size, but protons carry a positive electrical charge, while neutrons carry no charge at all. Protons and neutrons are bound together by the strong nuclear force, one of the four basic forces in the universe. Protons and neutrons give atoms some of their most basic properties. Elements are defined by two numbers: their atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons they have, and their atomic weight, which is equal to total number of their neutrons and protons. In most lighter atoms, the number of neutrons and protons is equal, and the element is stable. In heavier atoms, however, there are more neutrons than protons, and the element is unstable, eventually losing neutrons through radioactive decay until a neutral state is reached.
Electrons are negatively charged particles. They are bound to their atoms through electromagnetic attraction. Opposite electrical charges attract one another, so the positive charge of the proton helps to keep the negatively charged electron in orbit around the nucleus of the atom. Electrons are different from neutrons in that they cannot be broken down into smaller particles. They are also far smaller and lighter than neutrons and protons. An electron is about one thousandth of the diameter of a proton and an even smaller fraction of its mass. Electrons circle the protons and neutrons at the center of the atom in orbits. These orbits are often called electron shells. The closer the orbit is to the center of the atom, the lower its energy is. There are seven electron shells, and each higher level can hold more electrons than the previous shell. Electrons naturally seek to occupy the lowest shell possible. So, if there is space in a lower shell, an electron will drop down to occupy that space. At temperatures higher than a few hundred degrees, electrons will gain energy and move to a higher shell, but only momentarily. When the electrons drop back down to their natural shell, they emit light. This is why fires and other very hot objects seem to glow
According to the information in paragraph 2, what will happen if an atom has more neutrons than protons?
A. It will not have enough of a positive electrical charge to keep its electrons in orbit
B. Its extra neutrons will be converted into light energy
C. It will slowly give off neutrons until the atom becomes stable
D. Its nucleus will explode in a supernova
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Chọn C
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích: 20
Theo thông tin trong đoạn 2, điều gì sẽ xảy ra nếu một nguyên tử có nhiều nơtron hơn proton?
A. Nó sẽ không có đủ điện tích dương để giữ các electron của nó trong quỹ đạo.
B. Các nơtron thừa ra của nó sẽ được chuyển thành năng lượng ánh sáng.
C. Nó sẽ từ từ giải phóng nơtron cho đến khi nguyên tử trở về dạng bền vững.
D. Hạt nhân của nó sẽ phát nổ trong một sao băng.
Thông tin: In heavier atoms, however, there are more neutrons than protons, and the element is unstable, eventually losing neutrons through radioactive decay until a neutral state is reached.
Tạm dịch: Tuy nhiên, trong các nguyên tử nặng hơn, có nhiều nơtron hơn proton và nguyên tố này không bền vững, cuối cùng mất đi nơtron thông qua sự phân rã phóng xạ cho đến khi đạt được trạng thái cân bằng
she got the salary last week, she has complained that she is out of money
Since our train leaves at 10.30, it is _______that everyone be at the station no later than 10.15
In this course, students receive _______ in the basic English grammar
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 33 to 37.
When you first arrive in a foreign culture, often your first reaction is completely positive. Everything seems exciting, different and fascinating. It’s an (33)______. If you are just on a short holiday, you will probably never leave this phase.
(34)_______, if you stay longer, your attitude can start to change. As you start to realize (35)_____ little you really understand the new culture, life can get frustrating. People misunderstand what you are trying to say, or they may laugh at you when you say something incorrectly. Even simple things, like posting a letter, can seem very difficult to you. Thus, you are likely to get angry or upset when things go wrong.
With time, though, you start to (36)______ to become more comfortable with the differences and better able to handle frustrating situations. Your (37)______ of humor reappears. Finally, you may feel enthusiastic about the culture once again, enjoy living in it, and even prefer certain aspects of the culture to your own.
(Adapted from Navigate – Coursebook, OUP 2015)
Điền ô 36
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Our team must develop a new strategy in order to deal with the serious problem
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
The band had an outstanding performance at the Grand Theatre last night
