Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 55 to 64.

      An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established inEngland in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

      Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

      However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

The word "adversely" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _______. 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

The librarian told us not _________ reference books out of the library.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

The next meeting _________ in May.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction. 

It’s(A) not that I don’t like her, but I object (B) to be called (C) that by her. I am  not her“buddy”, (D) am I?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

A good essay must __________contain enough interesting ideas and specific exam but also have good organization

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

I just can't ______ that noise any longer!

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

______ should a young child be allowed to play with fireworks without adult supervision

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word  or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 38

      It is relatively easy for computers to speak. A computer that says ‘please’ and ‘thank you’  in the right    places is (35) ___   miracle of science ,but recognizing the words that make up normal , continuous human speech is another (36) ___ 

     Not until now have computer been programmed to (37) ___ to a range of spoken commands.Until recently it was thought that computers would have tobe programmed to the accent and speech hahits of each user,and only then would be able to respond(38) ___to their master’s or mistress’s voice.Now rapid progress is being made (39) ______systems programmed to adapt easily to each new speaker.

     The IBM Tangora system,under development at the end of 1980s was claimed to (40) ______a spoken vocabulary of 20,000 words with 95 percent accuracy. The system includes a processor that can  make informed guesses as to(41)______is a likely sentence.That system has been programmed not only with grammatical rules,but also with an analyssis of a vast quantity of office correspondence.On the(42) ______

 of this information ,the machine can calculate the probability of one particular word following another.

      Statistical probability is necessary for computers to interpret not only speech but also

(43) ______data.

Security systems can distinguish between faces they have been taught to recognize,but never has a computer

been able to match a human’s ability to make sense of a three-dimemsional scene

(44) ______identifying all objects in it.

                  (From ‘Heinle & Heinle TOEFL Test Assistant .Grammar’ by Milada Broukal)

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

The boy was sent to the police because of several ________ that he had taken part in.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

The ground is wet. It ________ rained last night.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word  or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 35

      It is relatively easy for computers to speak. A computer that says ‘please’ and ‘thank you’  in the right    places is (35) ___   miracle of science ,but recognizing the words that make up normal , continuous human speech is another (36) ___ 

     Not until now have computer been programmed to (37) ___ to a range of spoken commands.Until recently it was thought that computers would have tobe programmed to the accent and speech hahits of each user,and only then would be able to respond(38) ___to their master’s or mistress’s voice.Now rapid progress is being made (39) ______systems programmed to adapt easily to each new speaker.

     The IBM Tangora system,under development at the end of 1980s was claimed to (40) ______a spoken vocabulary of 20,000 words with 95 percent accuracy. The system includes a processor that can  make informed guesses as to(41)______is a likely sentence.That system has been programmed not only with grammatical rules,but also with an analyssis of a vast quantity of office correspondence.On the(42) ______

 of this information ,the machine can calculate the probability of one particular word following another.

      Statistical probability is necessary for computers to interpret not only speech but also

(43) ______data.

Security systems can distinguish between faces they have been taught to recognize,but never has a computer

been able to match a human’s ability to make sense of a three-dimemsional scene

(44) ______identifying all objects in it.

                  (From ‘Heinle & Heinle TOEFL Test Assistant .Grammar’ by Milada Broukal)

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

In Vietnam, two or more ________ may live in a home. 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

I can^’t sleep ________ the hot weather.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions from 25 to 29.

Each year about fifty hundred species of plants and animals are already being eliminated.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

John: "Congratulations! You did great.                      Mary:  - " ___________.”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions from 25 to 29.

Today’s scientists have overcome many of the challenges of the depth by using more sophisticated tools.