Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Learning means acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors. It is common to think of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to manipulate toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to interact with their parents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for interacting with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to adapt to the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to influence the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.
There are many forms of learning, ranging from simple to complex. Simple forms of learning involve a single stimulus. A stimulus is anything perceptible to the senses, such as a sight, sound, smell, touch, or taste. In a form of learning known as classical conditioning, people learn to associate two stimuli that occur in sequence, such as lightning followed by thunder. In operant conditioning, people learn by forming an association between a behavior and its consequences (reward or punishment). People and animals can also learn by observation - that is, by watching others perform behaviors. More complex forms of learning include learning languages, concepts, and motor skills.
(Extracted from Microsoft® Student 2009 – DVD Version)
The passage mainly discusses ______.
A. practical examples of learning inside the classroom
B. simple forms of learning
C. application of learning principles to formal education
D. general principles of learning
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Đáp án D
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích:
Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận ______.
A. các ví dụ thực tế của việc học bên trong lớp học
B. các hình thức học đơn giản
C. áp dụng nguyên tắc học tập vào giáo dục chính quy
D. các nguyên tắc chung về học tập
Mary: “I will never go mountaineering again.” – Linda: “Me ______.”
Scientists have _______ a lot of research into renewable energy sources.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 37 to 41.
TATTOOING: AN ANCIENT TRADITION
Tattooing is an old art. In ancient Greece, people who had tattoos were regarded as members of the upper classes. On the other hand, tattooing was (37) __________ in Europe by the early Christians, who thought that it was a sinful thing to do. It was not until the late 18th century, when Captain Cook saw South Sea Islander decorating their bodies with tattoos that attitudes began to change. Sailors came back from these islands with
pictures of Christ on their backs and from then on, tattooing (38)__________ in popularity. A survey by the French army in 1881 showed that among the 387 men (39) __________there were 1,333 designs.
Nowadays, not everybody finds tattoos acceptable. Some people thing that getting one is silly because tattoos are more or less permanent. There is also some (40) __________ about catching a blood disease from unsterilized needles. Even for those who do want a tattoo, the process of getting one is not painless, but the final result, in their eyes, is (41) __________ the pain.
Điền vào ô 41
Before going to bed, he wanted some tea but there was _______ left.
It is interesting to take _______ a new hobby such as collecting stamps or going fishing.
New machinery has enhanced the company’s productivity and _______.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
In some societies, language is associated with social class and education. People judge one’s level in society by the kind of language used.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
He was so intelligent a student that he could pass the final exam easy.
Working as a volunteer gives her a chance to develop her interpersonal skills, promote friendship, and _______ her own talent.
As a(n) _______ girl, she found it difficult to socialize with other students in the class.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
There was a long period without rain in the countryside last year so the harvest was poor.
