Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.
Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing.
Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun’s position in the sky, and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site.
Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The role of instinct in animal behavior
B. Observations that suggest consciousness in animal behavior
C. The use of food in studies of animal behavior
D. Differences between the behavior of animals in their natural environments and in laboratory experiments.
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Chọn đáp án B
Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận về điều gì?
A. Vai trò của bản năng trong hành vi động vật
B. Những quan sát cho thấy ý thức trong hành vi động vật
C. Việc sử dụng thức ăn trong các nghiên cứu về hành vi động vật
D. Những sự khác nhau giữa hành vi của động vật trong môi trưởng tự nhiên và trong phòng thí nghiệm.
Dẫn chứng: - Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events ... These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing. (Một số nhà nghiên cứu hành vi của động vật tranh luận rằng một số động vật có thể nhớ các sự việc trong quá khứ... Tuy nhiên, các nhà khoa này thận trọng về mức độ mà động vật có thể được cho là xử lý có ý thức)
- Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. (Các giải thích về hành vi động vật bỏ qua bất cứ loại ý thức nào và gán cho các hành động hoàn toàn do bản năng để lại nhiều câu hỏi chưa được trả lởi)
- Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use (Các hành vi khác có thể chỉ ra một số nhận thức bao gồm việc sử dụng công cụ)
I had all the information at my _________ before attending the meeting.
Some men are concerned with physical _________ when they choose a wife.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
While verbalization is (A) the most common form of language in (B) existence, humans make use of many (C) others systems and techniques (D) to express their thoughts and feelings.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world.
In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch. Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool than did the fish gathered by the men. Of particular made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells.
The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun - dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.
After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips. The women also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves.
The Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to _________ .
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.
Spring is coming and it’s time for us to grow plants. Of course, not all plants are (23) _________ in season. This makes it very (24) _________ to pick the best plants to grow. The good news is that there are tons of choices. Do you know that plants can grow in nearly every climate?
It's true that some plants are picky but most are super (25) _________ and only require water, dirt and of course sun. This spring is the (26) _________ time to start your own garden. There are three amazing plants that work in every single climate. The first plant is spinach. Spinach is very easy to grow because it removes water well and can (27) _________ different levels of heat. The second one is carrots. There are many types of carrots you can grow. Most carrots are very quick to grow and also handle all types of climates as well. The third one is tomatoes. There are tons of different types of tomatoes. It’s easy to find the perfect tomato for any location. Go plant some plants!
Điền vào số (23)
The president came _________ a lot of criticism for the speech he made in a television interview.
The father said to his daughter: “When you’ve finished lunch, I’ll _________ you back to school in the car. When school’s finished I’ll come to the school and _________ you back home.”
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
You have got a high score in the final exam. You should put yourself on the back.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Wind a scarf around your neck. You will get cold.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
His father (A) asked him (B) what (C) did he want (D) for his birthday.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
We must remember what happened in the past so that it will never happen again.
