Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year - 30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life.
The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790’s, North American entrepreneurs - even without technological improvements - had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820’s and 1830’s the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale of the outwork system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the “uppers” of shoes, which were bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the enduring shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful “shoe boss” and eroded workers’ control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price.
For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines and assemblyline techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the milt, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nation’s largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers.
What is the passage mainly about?
A. The difficulties of industrialization in North America
B. The influence of changes in manufacturing on the growth of urban centers
C. The rapid speed of industrialization in North America
D. Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods
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Chọn đáp án D
Bài đọc chủ yếu nói về điều gì?
A. Khó khăn của việc công nghiệp hóa ở Bắc Mỹ
B. Ảnh hưởng của thay đổi trong việc sản xuất vào sự phát triển của các trung tâm đô thị
C. Tốc độ công nghiệp hóa nhanh chóng ở Bắc Mỹ.
D. Những cách cải tiến tổ chức việc sản xuất hàng hóa
Dẫn chứng: - Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent ... (Công nghiệp hóa đã đến nước Mỹ sau năm 1790 khi các doanh nhân Bắc Mỹ tăng năng suất bằng cách tổ chức lại công việc và xây dựng nhà máy. Những cải tiến này trong sản xuất đã giúp tăng sản lượng và mức sống đến mức độ chưa từng thấy...)
- For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. (Đối với các nhiệm vụ không phù hợp với hệ thống gia công, các chủ thầu thậm chí đã tạo ra một tổ chức mới quan trọng hơn, nhà máy hiện đại, mà sử dụng các máy chạy bằng năng lượng và các kỹ thuật dây chuyền lắp ráp để tạo ra số lượng lớn hàng hóa được chế tạo tốt.)
Whenever I visited her, my grandmother _________ my favorite cake for me.
Tom never stays in one place for long. He always gets _________ feet and sets off on his travels again.
Huy was asking Mai, his classmate, for her opinion about the book he had lent her.
Huy: “What do you think about the book?”
Mai: “_________. ”
He lost his job because he was _________ , He made so many mistakes.
_________ winter I spent in _________ USA was one of _________ best in my life.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
We received a lot of useful information because the report accurately reflected the current state of the company.
Unfortunately, my trip to France ________ because I couldn’t save enough money.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.
People come to this small country for many reasons. They can admire spectacular (23)_________ meet friendly natives, and enjoy a vibrant arts scene. Some are searching for their family (24) _________ or others just want to get away from it all and, digging up old memories from their English Lit class of gallant heroes engaging in larger-than-life struggles, their minds wander to faraway lands, to somehow familiar yet different destinations. Why not go to Scotland? But what kind of country are they coming to and what should they expect once they get there? Scotland (25) _________ of an area of 30, 418 square miles - so it's a fairly compact and "doable" country - with a population of about five million people - not too small, not too big. It is one of three countries that form the political (26) _________ called Great Britain, the other two being, of course, England and Wales, which, along with their fourth partner, Northern Ireland, becomes the United Kingdom. Scotland is bordered on three sides by water and on its fourth by England, which has had both its advantages and disadvantages. Geographically speaking, the country can be divided into three broad areas, the Southern Uplands, the Central Lowlands, and the Highlands. Although the rugged Highlands (27) _________ about two-thirds of the land area, the vast majority of the population lives in the Central Belt between Glasgow, Scotland>s largest city, and Edinburgh, Scotland's capital.
Điền vào số (25)
She is a(n) _________ . She finds it difficult to socialize with other students in the class.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
“I will come back early. I really will!”. She said.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Deforestation may seriously jeopardize the habitat of many species.
Clothing made of plastic fibers has some certain advantages over _________ made of natural fibers.
