Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Early peoples had no need of engineering works to supply their water. Hunters and nomads camped near natural sources of fresh water, and populations were so sparse that pollution of the water supply was not a serious problem. After community life developed and agricultural villages became urban centres, the problem of supplying water became important for inhabitants of a city, as well as for irrigation of the farms surrounding the city. Irrigation works were known in prehistoric times, and before 2000 BC the rulers of Babylonia and Egypt constructed systems of dams and canals to impound the flood waters of the Euphrates and Nile rivers, controlling floods and providing irrigation water throughout the dry season. Such irrigation canals also supplied water for domestic purposes. The first people to consider the sanitation of their water supply were the ancient Romans, who constructed a vast system of aqueducts to bring the clean waters of the Apennine Mountains into the city and built basins and filters along these mains to ensure the clarity of the water. The construction of such extensive water-supply systems declined when the Roman Empire disintegrated, and for several centuries local springs and wells formed the main source of domestic and industrial water.
The invention of the force pump in England in the middle of the 16th century greatly extended the possibilities of development of water-supply systems. In London, the first pumping waterworks was completed in 1562; it pumped river water to a reservoir about 37 m above the level of the River Thames and from the reservoir the water was distributed by gravity, through lead pipes, to buildings in the vicinity.
Increased per-capita demand has coincided with water shortages in many countries. Southeast England, for example, receives only 14 per cent of Britain's rainfall, has 30 per cent of its population, and has experienced declining winter rainfall since the 1980s.
In recent years a great deal of interest has been shown in the conversion of seawater to fresh water to provide drinking water for very dry areas, such as the Middle East. Several different processes, including distillation, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and direct-freeze evaporation, have been developed for this purpose. Some of these processes have been used in large facilities in the United States. Although these processes are successful, the cost of treating seawater is much higher than that for treating fresh water
Early peoples didn’t need water supply engineering works because ______.
A. they had good ways to irrigate their farms.
B. their community life had already developed.
C. there was almost no dry season in prehistoric times.
D. natural sources of fresh water nearby were always available.
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Đáp án D
Loài người thuở sơ khai không cần các công trình cung cấp nước bởi vì ______.
A. Họ đã có cách hay để tưới tiêu cho nông trại của mình.
B. Cộng đồng của họ vốn đã phát triển.
C. Hầu như không có mùa khô ở thời tiền sử.
D. Nguồn nước sạch gần như là luôn có sẵn.
Dẫn chứng ở 2 câu đầu tiên ở đoạn 1: “Early peoples had no need of engineering works to supply their water. Hunters and nomads camped near natural sources of fresh water, and populations were so sparse that pollution of the water supply was not a serious problem” – (Loài người thuở sơ khai không cần đến các công trình với mục đích cung cấp nước. Thợ săn và du mục thường cắm trại ở gần các nguồn nước sạch tự nhiên và dân cư thì quá thưa thớt để việc cung cấp nước trở thành 1 vấn đề cấp thiết).
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
She sat there quietly, but during all that time she was getting ______. Finally she exploded.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
My father regrets taking up smoking. He can’t give it up now.
Be sure to ______ a real effort to answer all the questions the interview asks.
-Uncle Tom: “ Remember to give my best regards to your parents, Bob.”
-Bob: “___________”
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
As soon as she approached the house, the policemen stopped him.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D in your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Having not been to the sea before, the children couldn’t fall asleep due to their excitement.
The government is being ______ criticized in the press for failing to limit air pollution.
Nothing is destroyed after the serious flood in this area, ______?
Your grades are coming down. You should try to ______ the other students in your class.
______ I see Tom and Jerry, I always feel interested because the cartoon is so exciting.
