Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The chairman’s thought-provoking question ignited a lively debate among the participants in the workshop.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Michael rarely returns to his hometown, _______?

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You must not _______ any step in the process; otherwise, you would not be able to cook the dish properly.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Judy has just won a full scholarship to one of the most prestigious universities in the country; she must be on cloud nine now.

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Drastic measures should be taken to tackle the problems _______ child abuse.

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Only after he _______ the job as a computer programmer did he realise how much he loved it.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Most workers seems to be happy with their new working conditions.

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It is the night of 5^th November that people in Britain light bonfires and have fireworks as a national tradition.

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I’ve been waiting for hours. You _______ to tell me you would come late.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

People nationwide have acted without hesitation to provide aids for the victims in the disaster-stricken areas.

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After a momentary _______ of concentration, Simon managed to regain his focus and completed the test.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The football final has been postponed until next Sunday due to the heavy snowstorm.

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The _______ prices of property in big cities may deter people on low incomes from owning a house there.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27. Fill in the appropriate word in question 24

          When hosting an Olympic Games, a country has to take account of several considerations, among which the financial one is by far the most important. The costs of hosting the Olympics can (23) _______ tens of billions of dollars, and it is commonplace for budgets to double or even triple. In addition to the direct costs of hosting the Games (the opening and closing ceremonies, athletes’ village, security, etc.), cities often must build expensive new venues (24) _______ lesser-known sports. Once constructed, sports venues often incur additional maintenance costs long after the Games have ended.

          While costs are the (25) _______ concern for a host city, there are other factors to consider. For one, an Olympic host city may receive substantial revenue from ticket sales, tourist spending, corporate sponsorship, and television rights. Cities such as Los Angeles (1984) and Seoul (1988) actually made a large profit from the Games they hosted. (26) _______, hosting the Olympic Games confers prestige on a host city and country, which can lead to increased trade and tourism. The Olympics are also an opportunity to invest in projects (27) _______ improve the city’s quality of life, such as new transportation systems.

(Adapted from “Skillful Reading & Writing 4” by Mike Boyle and Lindsay Warwick)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

They have carried out exhausting research into the effects of smartphones on schoolchildren’s behaviour and their academic performance.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

          Body language is a vital form of communication. In fact, it is believed that the various forms of body language contribute about 70 percent to our comprehension. It is important to note, however, that body languages varies in different cultures. Take for example, eye movement. In the USA a child is expected to look directly at a parent or teacher who is scolding him/her. In other cultures the opposite is true. Looking directly at a teacher or parent in such a situation is considered a sign of disrespect.

          Another form of body language that is used differently, depending on the culture, is distance. In North America people don’t generally stand as close to each other as in South America. Two North Americans who don’t know each other well will keep a distance of four feet between them, whereas South Americans in the same situation will stand two to three feet apart. North Americans will stand closer than two feet apart only if they are having a confidential conversation or if there is intimacy between them.

          Gestures are often used to communicate. We point a finger, raise an eyebrow, wave an arm – or move any other part of the body - to show what we want to say. However, this does not mean that people all over the world use the same gestures to express the same meanings. Very often we find that the same gestures can communicate different meanings, depending on the country. An example of a gesture that could be misinterpreted is sticking out the tongue. In many cultures it is a sign of making a mistake, but in some places it communicates ridicule.

          The dangers of misunderstanding one another are great. Obviously, it is not enough to learn the language of another culture. You must also learn its non-verbal signals if you want to communicate successfully.

(Adapted from “Reading Academic English” by Judy Rapoport, Ronit Broder and Sarah Feingold)

What is the passage mainly about?