Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or V to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.
How busy is too busy? For some it means having to miss the occasional long lunch; for others, it means missing lunch altogether. For a few, it is not being able to take a "sickie" once a month. Then there is a group of people for whom working every evening and weekend is normal, and frantic is the tempo of their lives. For most senior executives, workloads swing between extremely busy and frenzied. The vice-president of the management consultancy AT Kearney and its head of telecommunications for the Asia-Pacific region, Neil Plumridge, says his work weeks vary from a “manageable” 45 hours to 80 hours, but average 60 hours.
Three warning signs alert Plumridge about his workload: sleep, scheduling and family. He knows he has too much on when he gets less than six hours of sleep for three consecutive nights; when he is constantly having to reschedule appointments; "and the third one is on the family side", says Plumridge, the father of a three-year-old daughter, and expecting a second child in October. "If I happen to miss a birthday or anniversary, I know things are out of control." Being "too busy" is highly subjective. But for any individual, the perception of being too busy over a prolonged period can start showing up as stress: disturbed sleep, and declining mental and physical health. National workers' compensation figures show stress causes the most lost time of any workplace injury. Employees suffering stress are off work an average of 16.6 weeks. The effects of stress are also expensive. Comcare, the Federal Government insurer, reports that in 2003-04, claims for psychological injury accounted for 7% of claims but almost 27% of claim costs. Experts say the key to dealing with stress is not to focus on relief - a game of golf or a massage - but to reassess workloads. Neil Plumridge says he makes it a priority to work out what has to change; that might mean allocating extra resources to a job, allowing more time or changing expectations. The decision may take several days. He also relies on the advice of colleagues, saying his peers coach each other with business problems. "Just a fresh pair of eyes over an issue can help," he says.
Executive stress is not confined to big organizations. Vanessa Stoykov has been running her own advertising and public relations business for seven years, specializing in work for financial and professional services firms, Evolution Media has grown so fast that it debuted on the BRW Fast 100 list of fastest-growing small enterprises last year - just after Stoykov had her first child. Stoykov thrives on the mental stimulation of running her own business. "Like everyone, I have the occasional day when I think my head's going to blow off," she says. Because of the growth phase the business is in, Stoykov has to concentrate on short-term stress relief - weekends in the mountains, the occasional "mental health" day -rather than delegating more work, She says: “We're hiring more people, but you need to train them, teach them about the culture and the clients, so it's actually more work rather than less.”
As mentioned in paragraph 2, the following sentences are true about the work stress, EXCEPT ______.
A. Disturbed sleep and reducing mental and physical health are the symptom of being too busy.
B. The lost time caused by stress ranks last in comparison with other workplace injuries.
C. The cost paid for psychological injury was rather high.
D. Relief is not the effective way to cope with stress.
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Đáp án B
Như đã để cập trong đoạn 2, những câu sau đây là đúng về áp lực công việc, ngoại trừ ____.
A. giấc ngủ bị xáo trộn và suy giảm sức khỏe thể chất và tinh thần là triệu chứng của việc quá bận rộn.
B. Thời gian bị mất do áp lực xếp sau cùng so với các thương tổn khác ở nơi làm việc.
C. Chi phí chi trả cho các sang chẩn tâm lý là khá cao.
D. Việc giải tỏa không phải là cách hữu hiệu để giải quyết áp lực.
Từ khóa: true/ the work stress/ except
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 2:
“But for any individual, the perception of being too busy over a prolonged period can start showing up as stress: disturbed sleep, and declining mental and physical health. National workers’ compensation figures Show stress causes the most lost time of any workplace injury. Employees suffering stress are off work an average of 16.6 Weeks. The effects of stressfil are also expensive. Federal Government insurer, reports that in 2003-04, claims for psychological injury accounted for 7% of claims but almost 27% of claim costs. Experts say the key to dealing with stress is not to focus on relief — a game of golf or a massage - but to reassess workloads.
(Nhưng với bất kì cá nhân nào, các dấu hiệu về việc quá bận rộn trong một thời gian dài có thể bắt đầu xuất hiện dưới dạng các căng thẳng: giấc ngủ bị xáo trộn và sự suy giảm sức khỏe thể chất và tinh thần. Số liệu bồi thường cho công nhân cả nước chỉ ra rằng áp lực gây mất thời gian nhiều nhất so với bất kì thương tổn nào ở nơi làm việc. Nhân viên bị căng thẳng nghỉ làm trung bình 16.6 tuần. Những tác động của căng thẳng cũng rất tốn kém. Công ty bảo hiểm của Chính phủ Liên bang báo cáo rằng trong 2 năm 2003 - 2004, các yêu cầu bồi thường cho sang chấn tâm lý chiếm 7% tổng số ca, nhưng chiếm gần 27% chi phí đền bù. Các nhà chuyên gia cho biết chìa khóa để đương đầu với căng thẳng không phải là tập trung vào việc giải tỏa - một trận golf hay mát xa - mà là đánh giá lại khối lượng công việc)
Cities in poorer countries often lack basic ______. Without it, they are unable to function properly as cities.
Hoang found it difficult to be in charge of the household _______.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word (s) in each of the following questions.
Mary is planning to tie the knot with her German boyfriend next June.
I've been a night owl ______ up late for years, hitting the sheets anytime between 12 and 3 a.m.
My grandpa is the most conservative person in my family. He never______about way of life.
English teaching is considered a good example of a volunteer job which often turns ______ a career.
If you are an independent traveler, we can arrange a ______ tour.
Joe and I took ______ lunch together once ______ week, every Friday; unless he was out of ______ town.
Lan: “How can ordinary people help protect the environment?”
Nam: “__________________.”
We can also see the stone dragons of Kinh Thien Palace and relics associated with many Vietnamese royal families, ______ during archaeological excav ations.
As William Chopik, associate professor of psychology and author of the study says: “Friends are a conscious choice. Family relationships can be serious, negative and monotonous." The research included two studies - one a broad survey of nearly 300,000 people, aged between 15 and 99, from more than 90 countries. This study found that those (25) ______valued friendships highly were healthier and happier (according to their own reports), especially as they got older. The second study used data from a US survey of 7,481 people over 50. Subjects were questioned about the quality of their friendships - how much friends understood them and how much they let them down.
When friendships were reported as being stressful, people reported (26) ______ rates of disease. When friends were supportive, people were healthier. Most of the friendships were reported as being supportive. Family, (27) ______, were found to have little influence on an individual's health and wellbeing. Spouses and children had some effect, but not as much as friends.
Chopik says he isn't suggesting we ignore our families, but that friends make us feel better. With friends you are more likely (28) ______do activities - they provide an outlet. You can say things to friends and they are less judgmental. There is a distance there that provides a level of honesty." He says that cultivating good-quality friendships across our lives is beneficial - raising self-esteem and (29) ______against stress.
Điền vào số (27)
Mark the letter A, B, C, or 1J to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Economically disadvantaged students often drop out of school, choosing a low- paying job to earn money.
Hoang: “__________.”
Duc: “That's a good idea! Then we'll still have a couple of hours left.”
