Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Panel painting, common in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Europe, involved a painstaking, laborious process. Wooden planks were joined, covered with gesso to prepare the surface for painting, and then polished smooth with special tools. On this perfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks, and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg yolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes. The successive layering of these meticulously applied paints produced the final translucent colors.
Backgrounds or gold were made by carefully applying sheets of gold leaf, and then embellishing of decorating the gold leaf by punching it with a metal rod on which a pattern had been embossed . Every step in the process was slow and deliberate. The quick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke be placed before the brush met the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes. It was, therefore, an ideal technique for emphasizing the hard linear edges and pure, fine areas of color that were so much a part of the overall aesthetic of the time. The notion that an artist could or would dash off an idea in a fit of spontaneous inspiration was completely alien to these deliberately produced works.
Furthermore, making these paintings was so time-consuming that it demanded assistance. All such work was done by collective enterprise in the workshops. The painter or master who is credited with
having created the painting may have designed the work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist’s hand applied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had been trained to imitate the artist’s style, applied the paint. The carpenter’s shop probably provided the frame and perhaps supplied the panel, and yet another shop supplied the gold. Thus, not only many hands, but also many shops were involved in the final product.
In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation, many panel paintings have survived, and today many of them are housed in museum collections.
What aspect of panel paintings does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Different styles.
B. Famous examples.
C. Production.
D. Restoration.
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Đáp án C
Ý trong bài: Wooden planks were joined, covered with gesso to prepare the surface for painting, and then polished smooth with special tools.
The spy admitted _______ some highly secret information to enemy agents.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following questions.
Would you mind not smoking in here?
A _______ is money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service.
He was determined to choose that university because of _______.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks.
During shopping trip to your supermarket, you will (41)_______many similar products. How do manufacturers (42)_______you to buy their products and not those of another company? By careful packaging!
(43)_______of the boxes and bottles that you see has been carefully designed to appeal to you, personally.
Do you care about the environment? Then buy this washing powder; it contains (44)_______chemicals. Do you want to impress your friends? Buy these trainers; they have a designer label.
Before manufacturers market a new product, they spend months discussing the packaging. Then, they try out their ideas on a group of customers. Manufacturers (45)_______customers will see more than just a box or bottle. They want to convince you that their product find out your personality more than any other product in the shop.
Điền vào số (42)
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following questions.
People say that nine crew members were lost overboard.
Choose A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.
If one type of manufacturing expands, it is like that another type will shrink considerably.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following questions.
Although I love him, I can’t tolerate his impatience.
Choose A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
American children customarily go trick-or-treating on Halloween.
We are going to have a trip to Hanoi Capital. We need to_______arrangements for the trip carefully.
Choose A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.
Manufacturers may use food additives for preserving, to color, or to flavor, or to fortify foods.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following questions.
“Don’t forget to check the internet for an application to our college,” the counselor told the students.
