________is the existence of a large number of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment.

There is one person to ________ I owe more than I can say.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Dreaming, like all other mental processes, it is a product of the brain and its activity.

Our project was successful ________ its practicality.

If I ________ an astronaut traveling in a cabin, I’d not be annoyed by the weightlessness.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

         In the past, British children were frequently encouraged to try out their performing skills for the benefit of adults. They did this by reading aloud, acting or ___(5)___ a musical instrument. As they (6) _____ up they were taken to public places of entertainment - the theatre, opera, circus or ballet.

       They looked forward to these ___(7)___ with great ___(8)__ and would remember and discuss what they had seen for many weeks afterwards. But nowadays television and computers ____(9)____ an endless stream of easily available entertainment, and children quickly accept these marvelous inventions  as a very ordinary part of their everyday lives. For many children, the sense of witnessing a very special live performance is gone forever.

Điền vào số (5)

Can you make yourself ________ in French?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Because his sickness, he didn’t take part in the English competition held last Sunday.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Although not widely sold, that book is considered to be best book on the subject.

He managed to keep his job ________ the manager had threatened to sack him.

After a good night’s sleep I woke up feeling as fresh as ________ and eager to start a new day.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions from

Toxic chemicals in the air and land have driven many species to the _____ of extinction.

- Kate: “ How lovely your cats are!" 

- David: “______”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

      In the mid - nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil - the basic ingredients of industrial growth - were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.

      One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider’s web, with the Steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution. The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal.

      Many factors influenced emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century - always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs. The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors. The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.

          The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from Europe. Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe - most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities. The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the American were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own “ money market”.

According to the passage, all of the following were true of railroads in the United States in the nineteenth century EXCEPT that _____.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

      Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as. For example, the dots and dashes of a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codiíication of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently. Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.

          Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods are based upon speech. Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few.

According to the passage, what is a signal?