Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

      Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world's finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity. 

      Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City's importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York's location at the western end of one of the world's most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson Mohawk Lowland) to the vast Midwestern Hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York's primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristics as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.

The word “ingenuity” in paragraph 1 is CLOSEST in meaning to ___________.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

      Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world's finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity. 

      Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City's importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York's location at the western end of one of the world's most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson Mohawk Lowland) to the vast Midwestern Hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York's primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristics as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.

According to the passage, a city's situation is more important than its site in regard to the city's ________.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

      Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication- having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. 

      The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried. Some doctors are connected that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are bad for your health. 

      On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones. Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree. 

      What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. 

      As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.

According to the writer, people should ____________.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

      Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication- having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. 

      The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried. Some doctors are connected that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are bad for your health. 

      On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones. Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree. 

      What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. 

      As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.

The most suitable title for the passage could be _________.

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.

Nam wanted to know what time ________.

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.

It is essential that every student _________ to learn English at university.

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.

I find it rather _________ to hear that Jack is getting married next week.

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.

The last person __________ the room must turn off the lights.

Choose letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

The police are questioning him at the headquarters.

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.

They live in a very _________ populated area of Italy.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. 

      Why is it that many teenagers have the energy to play computer games until late at night but can't find the energy to get out of bed in time for school? According to a new report, today's generation of children are in danger of getting so little sleep that they are putting their mental and physical health at (1)________. Adults can easily survive on seven to eight hours' sleep a night, (2)________ teenagers require nine or ten hours. According to medical experts, one in five youngsters gets anything between two and five hours' sleep a night less than their parents did at their age. 

      This raises serious questions about whether lack of sleep is affecting children's ability to concentrate at school. The connection between sleep deprivation and lapses in memory, impaired reaction time and poor concentration is well established. Research has shown that losing as little as half an hour's sleep a night can have profound (3)_________ on how children perform the next day. A good night's sleep is also crucial for teenagers because it is while they are asleep (4)________ they release a hormone that is essential for their 'growth spurt' (the period during teenage years when the body grows at a rapid rate). It's true that they can, (5)_______ some extent, catch up on sleep at weekends, but that won't help them when they are dropping off to sleep in class on a Friday afternoon. 

By Tim Falla and Paul A. Davies, Solutions Advanced. OUP

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

According to the passage, cell phones are especially popular with young people because ________

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.

I don't remember ____________ of your decision to change our vocation plan.

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The new policy will help generate more jobs.

Choose letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

When the class was over, the student ran out, screamed and shouted.

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.

While studying, he was financially dependent _______ his parents.