Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

     Hay fever is a common allergic condition that affects up to one in five people at some point in their life. Symptoms of hay fever include watery and itchy eyes and a runny, congested nose. People suffering from hay fever may experience occasional wheezing and repeated bouts of sneezing and may even lose their sense of smell. Some may also have stopped-up ears. About 30 percent of those who suffer from hay fever may develop the symptoms associated with periodic asthma or a sinus infection. The allergen-antibody theory does not fully explain allergic reactions because the membranes and glands in eyes and ears are controlled by the independent nervous system, which keeps these organs in balance. But the independent nervous system itself is part of the emotional- response center and may cause the feelings of anger, and lack of self-confidence in reaction to allergy-causing substances. 

     The most common cause of hay fever is the pollen of ragweed, which blossoms during the summer and autumn. When airborne pollen particles, as well as mould, come into contact with the victim's membranes, they can cause allergic reactions that release histamine and result in virtual blockage of air passages. To prevent hay fever or to decrease the severity of its symptoms, contact with the ragweed pollen should be reduced. If possible, stay indoors when the pollen count is high (over 50). Remember to keep windows and doors shut in your house. If it gets too warm, draw the curtains to keep out the sun and lower the temperature. If possible, avoid drying clothes outside. This will help to stop pollen being brought into your house. If you need to go outside or you're travelling, avoid cutting grass, playing or walking in grassy areas and camping - particularly in the early morning; evening and at night, when the pollen count is at its highest. Don't forget to wear wraparound sunglasses to stop pollen getting in your eyes as well. 

          Although some communities have attempted to eliminate the plants that cause the reactions, elimination programs have not been successful because airborne pollen can travel considerable distances. Antihistamine can help with short but severe attacks. Over extended periods of time, however, patients are prescribed a series of injections of the substance to which they are sensitive in order to increase immunity and thus be relieved of the seasonal allergy

Which best serves as the title for the passage

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges

Peter and John, two high school students, are talking about school exams.

- Peter: "I think exams should not be the only way to assess students."

- John: “_______________. There are various others like presentations and projects."

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

Got Climate Anxiety? These People Are Doing Something About It

     Distress over global warming is increasing, but formal and informal support networks are springing up, too. After Britt Wray married in 2017, she and her husband began discussing whether or not they were going to have children. The conversation quickly turned to climate change and to the planet those children might inherit. She said she became sad and stressed, crying when she read new climate reports or heard activists speak. Jennifer Atkinson, an associate professor of environmental humanities at the University of Washington, Bothell, became depressed after students told her they couldn't sleep because they feared social collapse or mass extinction. 

     There are different terms for what the two women experienced, including eco-anxiety and climate grief, and Dr. Wray calls it eco-distress. It's also not unusual. Over the past five years, according to researchers at Yale University and George Mason University, the number of Americans who are very worried” about climate change has more than doubled, to 26 percent. In 2020, an American Psychiatric Association poll found that more than half of Americans are concerned about climate change's effect on their mental health. 

     But as the prevalence of climate anxiety has grown, so has the number of people working to alleviate it, both for themselves and those around them. Dr. Wray, for example, who holds a Ph.D. in science communication, began reading everything she could about anxiety and climate change, eventually shifting her own research to focus on it entirely. She shares her findings and coping techniques in a weekly newsletter, Gen Dread, with more than 2,000 subscribers. In the spring of 2022, she plans to publish a book on the topic. “My overall goal is to help people feel less alone,” Dr. Wray said. "We need to restore ourselves so we don't burn out and know how to be in this crisis for the long haul that it is.” Dr. Atkinson, in hopes of assuaging her feelings and those of her students, designed a seminar on eco-grief and climate anxiety. 

          For many Americans, counseling for climate distress is relatively accessible. In some communities, however, especially in less wealthy countries, it may seem more like a rare privilege

What is the main idea of the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

          Sport and sport events provide a significant source of volunteering opportunities for a wide range of individuals. (12) __________ organizers of major sport events tend to target the youth market to source volunteers due to the apparent high level of interest in sport by this group, not only in terms of young people who watch a particular sport, but also those (13) __________ participate in it. It is therefore suggested that sport may act as a kind of 'nursery' for volunteering and that the experiences (14) __________ to young people in sport may be critical for their future volunteer involvement, not only in sport but the broader society. By developing an interest in volunteering as a young person, it is hoped that these people will continue to volunteer as they become adults. One of the most common approaches by many event organizers is to place an advertisement in the local media which invites readers to contact the organization. (15) _______, it is possible to 'adopt a more formally structured recruitment programme through schools and universities. The (16) ________ of this approach is to establish a relationship between the governing body of a particular sport and young people from an early age, in the hope that young people who are either spectators or participants in the sport continue from childhood to adulthood

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

The government acted late. The general public was worried so much about the current situation

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

This stamp is rarer than any other in my collection

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

I want to express my ________ admiration for the courage and persistence the member has shown in bringing this issue forward

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word (s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word (s) in each of the following questions

Ben's dreams of a university education went by the board when his father died and he was forced to earn a living

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

     Hay fever is a common allergic condition that affects up to one in five people at some point in their life. Symptoms of hay fever include watery and itchy eyes and a runny, congested nose. People suffering from hay fever may experience occasional wheezing and repeated bouts of sneezing and may even lose their sense of smell. Some may also have stopped-up ears. About 30 percent of those who suffer from hay fever may develop the symptoms associated with periodic asthma or a sinus infection. The allergen-antibody theory does not fully explain allergic reactions because the membranes and glands in eyes and ears are controlled by the independent nervous system, which keeps these organs in balance. But the independent nervous system itself is part of the emotional- response center and may cause the feelings of anger, and lack of self-confidence in reaction to allergy-causing substances. 

     The most common cause of hay fever is the pollen of ragweed, which blossoms during the summer and autumn. When airborne pollen particles, as well as mould, come into contact with the victim's membranes, they can cause allergic reactions that release histamine and result in virtual blockage of air passages. To prevent hay fever or to decrease the severity of its symptoms, contact with the ragweed pollen should be reduced. If possible, stay indoors when the pollen count is high (over 50). Remember to keep windows and doors shut in your house. If it gets too warm, draw the curtains to keep out the sun and lower the temperature. If possible, avoid drying clothes outside. This will help to stop pollen being brought into your house. If you need to go outside or you're travelling, avoid cutting grass, playing or walking in grassy areas and camping - particularly in the early morning; evening and at night, when the pollen count is at its highest. Don't forget to wear wraparound sunglasses to stop pollen getting in your eyes as well. 

          Although some communities have attempted to eliminate the plants that cause the reactions, elimination programs have not been successful because airborne pollen can travel considerable distances. Antihistamine can help with short but severe attacks. Over extended periods of time, however, patients are prescribed a series of injections of the substance to which they are sensitive in order to increase immunity and thus be relieved of the seasonal allergy

The word “blockage" in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

The footballer kept playing. His injury was severe

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

          Sport and sport events provide a significant source of volunteering opportunities for a wide range of individuals. (12) __________ organizers of major sport events tend to target the youth market to source volunteers due to the apparent high level of interest in sport by this group, not only in terms of young people who watch a particular sport, but also those (13) __________ participate in it. It is therefore suggested that sport may act as a kind of 'nursery' for volunteering and that the experiences (14) __________ to young people in sport may be critical for their future volunteer involvement, not only in sport but the broader society. By developing an interest in volunteering as a young person, it is hoped that these people will continue to volunteer as they become adults. One of the most common approaches by many event organizers is to place an advertisement in the local media which invites readers to contact the organization. (15) _______, it is possible to 'adopt a more formally structured recruitment programme through schools and universities. The (16) ________ of this approach is to establish a relationship between the governing body of a particular sport and young people from an early age, in the hope that young people who are either spectators or participants in the sport continue from childhood to adulthood

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Sport and sport events provide a significant source of volunteering opportunities for a wide range of individuals. (12) __________ organizers of major sport events tend to target the youth market to source volunteers due to the apparent high level of interest in sport by this group, not only in terms of young people who watch a particular sport, but also those (13) __________ participate in it. It is therefore suggested that sport may act as a kind of 'nursery' for volunteering and that the experiences (14) __________ to young people in sport may be critical for their future volunteer involvement, not only in sport but the broader society. By developing an interest in volunteering as a young person, it is hoped that these people will continue to volunteer as they become adults. One of the most common approaches by many event organizers is to place an advertisement in the local media which invites readers to contact the organization. (15) _______, it is possible to 'adopt a more formally structured recruitment programme through schools and universities. The (16) ________ of this approach is to establish a relationship between the governing body of a particular sport and young people from an early age, in the hope that young people who are either spectators or participants in the sport continue from childhood to adulthood

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

Got Climate Anxiety? These People Are Doing Something About It

     Distress over global warming is increasing, but formal and informal support networks are springing up, too. After Britt Wray married in 2017, she and her husband began discussing whether or not they were going to have children. The conversation quickly turned to climate change and to the planet those children might inherit. She said she became sad and stressed, crying when she read new climate reports or heard activists speak. Jennifer Atkinson, an associate professor of environmental humanities at the University of Washington, Bothell, became depressed after students told her they couldn't sleep because they feared social collapse or mass extinction. 

     There are different terms for what the two women experienced, including eco-anxiety and climate grief, and Dr. Wray calls it eco-distress. It's also not unusual. Over the past five years, according to researchers at Yale University and George Mason University, the number of Americans who are very worried” about climate change has more than doubled, to 26 percent. In 2020, an American Psychiatric Association poll found that more than half of Americans are concerned about climate change's effect on their mental health. 

     But as the prevalence of climate anxiety has grown, so has the number of people working to alleviate it, both for themselves and those around them. Dr. Wray, for example, who holds a Ph.D. in science communication, began reading everything she could about anxiety and climate change, eventually shifting her own research to focus on it entirely. She shares her findings and coping techniques in a weekly newsletter, Gen Dread, with more than 2,000 subscribers. In the spring of 2022, she plans to publish a book on the topic. “My overall goal is to help people feel less alone,” Dr. Wray said. "We need to restore ourselves so we don't burn out and know how to be in this crisis for the long haul that it is.” Dr. Atkinson, in hopes of assuaging her feelings and those of her students, designed a seminar on eco-grief and climate anxiety. 

          For many Americans, counseling for climate distress is relatively accessible. In some communities, however, especially in less wealthy countries, it may seem more like a rare privilege

What does the word “they” in paragraph 1 refer to?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

After being chased by the police a long way, the criminal managed to escape by the skin of his ________. 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underline part that needs correction in each of the following questions

The following activities can be done at the mall: buying groceries, eating lunch and pay bills.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges

Mary is talking to her professor in his office.

- Mary: "Can you tell me how to find material for my science report, professor?"

- Professor: “_______________”