Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 37.
In the course of its history, human inventions have dramatically increased the average amount of energy available for use per person. Primitive peoples in cold regions burned wood and animal dung to heat their caves, cook food, and drive off animals by fire. The first step toward the developing of more efficient fuels was taken when people discovered that they could use vegetable oils and animal fats in lieu of gathered or cut wood. Charcoal gave off more intensive heat than wood and was more easily obtainable than organic fats. The Greeks first began to use coal for metal smelting in the 4th century, but it did not come into extensive use until the Industrial Revolution.
In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most energy used in the United States and other nations undergoing industrialization was obtained from perpetual and renewable sources, such as wood, water streams, domesticated animal labor, and wind. These were predominantly locally available supplies. By mid-1800s, 91 percent of all commercial energy consumed in the United States and European countries was obtained from wood. However, at he beginning of the 20th century, coal became a major energy source and replaced wood in industrializing countries. Although in most regions and climate zones wood was more readily accessible than coal, the latter represents a more concentrated source of energy. In 1910, natural gas and oil firmly replaced coal as the main source of fuel because they are lighter and, therefore, cheaper to transport. They burned more cleanly than coal and polluted less. Unlike coal, oil could be refined to manufacture liquid fuels for vehicles, a very important consideration in the early 1900s, when the automobile arrived on the scene.
By 1984, non-renewable fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, provided over 82 percent of the commercial and industrial energy used in the world. Small amounts of energy were derived from nuclear fission, and the remaining 16 percent came from burning direct perpetual and renewable fuels, such as biomass. Between 1700 and 1986, a large number of countries shifted from the use of energy from local sources to a centralized generation of hydropower and solar energy converted to electricity. The energy derived from non-renewable fossil fuels has been increasingly produced in one location and transported to another, as is the case with most automobile fuels. In countries with private, rather than public transportation, the age of non-renewable fuels has created a dependency on a finite resource that will have to be replaced.
Alternative fuel sources are numerous, and shale oil and hydrocarbons are just two examples. The extraction of shale oil from large deposits in Asian and European regions has proven to be labor consuming and costly. The resulting product is sulfur-and nitrogen-rich, and large scale extractions are presently prohibitive. Similarly, the extraction of hydrocarbons from tar sands in Alberta and Utah is complex. Semi-solid hydrocarbons cannot be easily separated from the sandstone and limestone that carry them, and modern technology is not sufficiently versatile for a large-scale removal of the material. However, both sources of fuel may eventually be needed as petroleum prices continue to rise and limitations in fossil fuel availability make alternative deposits more attractive.
The phrase “the latter” refers to
A. wood
B. coal
C. most regions
D. climate zones
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Đáp án B
Cụm từ "the latter" dùng để chỉ
A. một khúc gỗ
B. than
C. hầu hết các vùng
D. vùng khí hậu
Dẫn chứng: Although in most regions and climate zones wood was more readily accessible than coal, the latter represents a more concentrated source of energy.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The rhinoceros will become _________ if people continue to hurt them.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
“I passed the driving test yesterday.” “ _________ !”
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
"Are you still going to Florida for vacation?” “Yes, but I really _________ because I don’t have much money.”
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
William won first _________ in the tennis competition.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
It is common knowledge that sportmen _________ themselves in good fonn by regular swimming.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
My mother made me _________ at home at night.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
He asked the children _________ too much noise.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Boys! Put your toys _________. It is time to go to bed. Don't stay _________ late.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The picture was painted by Laura, _________ is being shown in an exhibition.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
_________ extremely bad weather in the mountains, we re no longer considering our skiing trip.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Reviewers often _________ books as “hard to put down” or “hard to pick up again”.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
There are several different kinds of faults in reading which are usually more exaggerated with foreign learners
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
_________ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Instead _________ petrol, cars will only run _________ solar energy and electricity.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29. Fill in the appropriate word in question 27
How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a (25) _______. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (26) _______ certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. These sounds, (27) _______ spoken or written in letters, are called words. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words that appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary (28) _______. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can (29) _______ men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.
