Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.
Ethology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European zoologists, Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen.
Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The most well-known of these is imprinting, the early following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place during an early, restricted time period of development. If the mother goose is not present during this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead . Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in child development” the critical period . It refers to a limited times span during which the child is biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitably stimulating environment. Many researchers have conducted studies to find out whether complex cognitive and social behaviors must be learned during restricted time periods. for example, if children are deprived of adequate food or physical and social stimulation during the early years of life, will their intelligence be permanently impaired? If language is not mastered during the preschool years, is the child’s capacity to acquire it reduced?
Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant and its parents. He argued that attachment behaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling, grasping, and crying, are built-in social signals that encourage the parents to approach, care for, and interact with the baby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensure that the baby will be fed, protected from danger, and provided with the stimulation and affection necessary for healthy growth. The development of attachment in human infants is a lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to a deep affectional tie between parent and baby
It can be inferred from the passage that ethological theory assumes that __________.
A. failure to imprint has no influence on intelligence
B. to learn about human behavior only human subjects should be studied
C. there are similarities between animal and human behavior
D. the notion of critical periods applies only to animals
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Đáp án C Từ dòng 6 đoạn 2: Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in child development” the critical period . Đầu đoạn cuối: Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant and its parents -> những quan sát, lý thuyết tiến hóa của động vật cũng áp dụng được với trẻ sơ sinh vì có những điểm giống nhau
This is a valuable ................ chair which dates back to the eighteenth century
When his alarm went off, he shut it off and slept for ________15 minutes
When there are small children around, it is better to put breakable ornaments out of _________.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
It is hoped that illiteracy will soon be eradicated in our country as more and more people are struggling against it
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
Although no country has exactly the same folk music as those of any other, it is significant that similar songs exist among widely separated people
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
My cousin composes not only the music, but also sings the songs for the maior Broadway musicals
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
The Indians of the southwestern United States are famous for their beautiful art work, especially handmade jewelry cast from silver, carved from stones, or decorations with beads and feathers.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
The aircraft carrier is indispensable in naval operations against sea or shore based enemies
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
This shouldn’t be too taxing for you
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the words whose pronunciation is different from the others in each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Whenever Susan invites us to dinner, she customarily prepares a lot of delicious food.
