Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.

The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

Why are marine organisms good candidates for fossilization?

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.

From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4)                 , however , depends much(5)            on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6)                 chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7)                 chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8)                 .Organic farmers also use alternatives  (9)                 pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10)                    the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11)                 techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12)                        ,organic farming is perfectly (13)                        to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.

Điền vào ô 12

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.

From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4)                 , however , depends much(5)            on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6)                 chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7)                 chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8)                 .Organic farmers also use alternatives  (9)                 pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10)                    the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11)                 techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12)                        ,organic farming is perfectly (13)                        to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.

Điền vào ô 13

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Those (A) who have never been (B ) abroad (C) is eager to see how (D) different the other cultures are

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

We(A) really enjoyed the (B) children’s (C) imaginative and (D) excited play last Saturday.

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

With its (A)strong claws (B) and its many (C) protruding tooth a gopher(D) is an excellent digger

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.

The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.

The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams . The pipe is 4 feet in diameter and up to 2 million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.

Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth .Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil, rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground .The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.

One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost .Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline -construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating.

How many companies shared the cost of constructing the pipeline ?

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.

From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4)                 , however , depends much(5)            on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6)                 chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7)                 chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8)                 .Organic farmers also use alternatives  (9)                 pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10)                    the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11)                 techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12)                        ,organic farming is perfectly (13)                        to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.

Điền vào ô 7

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.

The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

According to the passage, why were the remains of organisms trapped in swamps better preserved for the fossil record than those that were not?

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.

From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4)                 , however , depends much(5)            on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6)                 chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7)                 chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8)                 .Organic farmers also use alternatives  (9)                 pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10)                    the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11)                 techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12)                        ,organic farming is perfectly (13)                        to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.

Điền vào ô 10

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.

It couldn’t have been Mary that you heard shouting last night, as she is vacationing in Vermont at the moment

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

For a short while , I managed to catch                        of the President entering the place.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The development company                        approval from the council for their plans for a new shopping centre

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.

From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4)                 , however , depends much(5)            on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6)                 chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7)                 chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8)                 .Organic farmers also use alternatives  (9)                 pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10)                    the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11)                 techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12)                        ,organic farming is perfectly (13)                        to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.

Điền vào ô 4

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.

From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4)                 , however , depends much(5)            on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6)                 chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7)                 chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8)                 .Organic farmers also use alternatives  (9)                 pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10)                    the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11)                 techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12)                        ,organic farming is perfectly (13)                        to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.

Điền vào ô 11

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Advertising on TV is very expensive now.                        ,there is no shortage of companies competing for air time