Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Architecture is the practice of building design and its resulting products; customary usage refers only to those designs and structures that are culturally significant. Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. Vitruvius, a 1st-century BC Roman, wrote encyclopedically about architecture, and the English poet Sir Henry Wotton was quoting him in his charmingly phrased dictum: “Well building hath three conditions: Commoditie, Firmenes, and Delight.” More prosaically, one would say today that architecture must satisfy its intended uses, must be technically sound, and must convey aesthetic meaning. But the best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures, achievements in architecture that testify to the nature of the society that produced them. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.
Architectural form is inevitably influenced by the technologies applied, but building technology is conservative and knowledge about it is cumulative. Precast concrete, for instance, has not rendered brick obsolete. Although design and construction have become highly sophisticated and are often computer directed, this complex apparatus rests on preindustrial traditions inherited from millennia during which most structures were lived in by the people who erected them. The technical demands on building remain the elemental ones – to exclude enemies, to circumvent gravity, and to avoid discomforts caused by an excess of heat or cold or by the intrusion of rain, wind, or vermin. This is no trivial assignment even with the best modern technology.
The availability of suitable materials fostered the crafts to exploit them and influenced the shapes of buildings. Large areas of the world were once forested, and their inhabitants developed carpentry. Although it has become relatively scarce, timber remains an important building material.
Many kinds of stone lend themselves to building. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are incombustible and can be expected to endure. Stone is also a sculptural material; stone architecture was often integral with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more amenable to industrial use and assembly.
Some regions lack both timber and stone; their peoples used the earth itself, tamping certain mixtures into walls or forming them into bricks to be dried in the sun. Later they baked these substances in kilns, producing a range of bricks and tiles with greater durability.
(Extracted from Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 Encyclopedia – DVD Version)
Which of the following is NOT considered an essential characteristic of architecture according to the passage?
A. Strength
B. Utility
C. Economy
D. Beauty
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Đáp án C
Yếu tố nào sau đây không được xem như là một đặc trưng quan trọng của kiến trúc theo bài đọc?
A. kiên cố
C. kinh tế
B. có ích
D. vẻ đẹp
Dẫn chứng: More prosaically, one would say today that architecture must satisfy its intended uses, must be technically sound, and must convey aesthetic meaning. But the best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures, achievements in architecture that testify to the nature of the society that produced them
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
He died ______ lung cancer last month, leaving his wife in great shock
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
His honesty is ______; nobody can doubt it
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
I ______ with my aunt when I am on holiday in Ho Chi Minh City next month
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states ______ the Constitution of the United States
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
The Moon is much closer to Earth ______, and thus it had greater influence on the tides
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Having traveled to different parts of our country, ______.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answersheet to indicate the word(s)CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the followingquestions
Just like hearing infants who start first with simple syllable babbling, then put more syllables together to sound like real sentences and questions, deaf babies follow the same pattern
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges
Tom: “Can I have another cup of tea?”
Christy: “______.”
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Nowadays, with the help of the computer, teachers have developed a ______ approach to teaching
Mark the letter A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
She is a very generous old woman. She has given most of her wealth to a charity organization
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
We expressed ______ the missing child would be found alive
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
In our team, no person ______ John could finish this tough task in such a short time
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions
I forgot to lock the door before leaving
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answersheet to indicate the correctword orphrase that bestfits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
In a world where 2 billion people live in homes that don't have light bulbs, technology holds the key (31)______ banishing poverty. Even the simplest technologies can transform lives and save money. Vaccines, crops, computers and sources of solar energy can all reduce poverty in developing countries. For example, cheap oral-rehydration therapy developed in Bangladesh has dramatically cut the death (32)______ from childhood diarrhoea.
But even when such technologies exist, the depressing fact is that we can’t make them cheap enough for those who most need them. Solar panels, batteries and light bulbs are still beyond the purse of many, but where they have been installed they change lives. A decent light in the evening gives children more time for homework and extends the productive day for adults.
Kenya has a thriving solar industry and six years ago Kenyan pioneers also started connecting schools to the Internet via radio links. These people were fortunate in being able to afford solar panels, radios and old computers. How much bigger would the impact be if these things (33)______ and priced specifically for poor people?
Multinationals must become part of the solution, because (34)______ they own around 60 per cent of the world's technology, they seldom make products for poor customers. Of 1,223 new drugs marketed worldwide from 1975 to 1996, for example, just 13 were for tropical diseases.
People think those enterprises should do more to provide vital products such as medicines at different prices around the world to suit (35)______ people can afford. Alternatively, they could pay a percentage of their profit towards research and development for the poor.
(Adapted from “The Price is Wrong” in “Focus on IELTS Foundations” by Sue O’Connell, Pearson Longman, 2006)
Điền vào ô số 35
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
“It’s about time you ______ your homework, Mary.”
