Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 37.

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

          When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

          To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

Question:The author of the passage argues that______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28.

EXAMS OR CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT?

How do you feel when you (24) ______an exam? Do you always succeed in getting all your ideas down on paper, or do you sometimes feel that you’re (25) ______a mess of it? Apart from those lucky few who sail through exams, most secondary school (26) ______find them very stressful. Many teachers are aware of the problems their students face and use a different method for measuring their progress: continuous assessment. With continuous assessment, students are given various (27) ______to do through the year. All their marks are added together to produce a total mark at the end of the year. Students have to take more responsibility for their education because they can’t rely on doing well on just one day. Also, they have more time to (28) ______ over their work, meaning that they are able to do their best.

Question 24

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28.

EXAMS OR CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT?

How do you feel when you (24) ______an exam? Do you always succeed in getting all your ideas down on paper, or do you sometimes feel that you’re (25) ______a mess of it? Apart from those lucky few who sail through exams, most secondary school (26) ______find them very stressful. Many teachers are aware of the problems their students face and use a different method for measuring their progress: continuous assessment. With continuous assessment, students are given various (27) ______to do through the year. All their marks are added together to produce a total mark at the end of the year. Students have to take more responsibility for their education because they can’t rely on doing well on just one day. Also, they have more time to (28) ______ over their work, meaning that they are able to do their best.

Question 26

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28.

EXAMS OR CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT?

How do you feel when you (24) ______an exam? Do you always succeed in getting all your ideas down on paper, or do you sometimes feel that you’re (25) ______a mess of it? Apart from those lucky few who sail through exams, most secondary school (26) ______find them very stressful. Many teachers are aware of the problems their students face and use a different method for measuring their progress: continuous assessment. With continuous assessment, students are given various (27) ______to do through the year. All their marks are added together to produce a total mark at the end of the year. Students have to take more responsibility for their education because they can’t rely on doing well on just one day. Also, they have more time to (28) ______ over their work, meaning that they are able to do their best.

Question 27

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Computer models help to determine whether a particular area is likely to flood.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
“Why were you so tired yesterday?” “Because I______all morning.”

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Mumps are a very common disease which usually affects children.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
You must clean the wall before you painted it.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
If a boss wants to have a well-qualified staff, he should have to pay his employees______.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
We are a very close-knit family and very supportive______one another.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
I’d rather you ______the kids drop bits of pizza all over my new sofa.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Gestures such as waving and handshaking are______forms of communication.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Don’t drop your sweet wrapper on the floor,______?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Companies spend millions of dollars on advertising. They want to increase their sale.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Ellie asked Stan______to look at the new catalogue.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28.

EXAMS OR CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT?

How do you feel when you (24) ______an exam? Do you always succeed in getting all your ideas down on paper, or do you sometimes feel that you’re (25) ______a mess of it? Apart from those lucky few who sail through exams, most secondary school (26) ______find them very stressful. Many teachers are aware of the problems their students face and use a different method for measuring their progress: continuous assessment. With continuous assessment, students are given various (27) ______to do through the year. All their marks are added together to produce a total mark at the end of the year. Students have to take more responsibility for their education because they can’t rely on doing well on just one day. Also, they have more time to (28) ______ over their work, meaning that they are able to do their best.

Question 25