Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.
All living cells in an animal's body require energy to power the various chemical processes going in inside them. This energy is ultimately supplied by the food that animals eat. These chemical processes are collectively referred to as metabolism, and one of the byproducts of metabolism is heat. Metabolic rates vary significantly between species. Warm-blooded animals (birds and mammals) have metabolic rates about five to ten times higher than those of similarly sized cold-blooded ones (reptiles, amphibians, and fishes). And it is precisely because birds and mammals have such high metabolic rates that they are able to keep their bodies warm.
The terms warm-blooded and cold-blooded are still in everyday use, but they are not entirely precise. Anyone who has handled a snake knows this because a snake’s body actually feels quite warm. But very little of the snake’s body heat originates internally, from its cells, most of it having been supplied from the outside, either by the sun or by a heat lamp. Instead of referring to reptiles as cold-blooded, they are best described as ectothermic, meaning “outside heat”. Similarly, birds and mammals are said to be endothermic, meaning “inside heat”.
There are advantages and disadvantages to each thermal strategy. Reptiles are usually sluggish first thing in the morning, their body temperatures having dropped during the cool of the night. Accordingly, they have to bask in the sun to raise their body temperatures, but once they have warmed up sufficiently, they can go about their business. By altering between the sun when they are too cool, and the shade when they are too warm, many reptiles are able to maintain their body temperatures at optimum levels of about 95°F or more. Endotherms, on the other hand, maintain temperatures of about 98°F all the time, so they are always ready for action.
I used to keep a crocodile. He had very sharp teeth, and I had to be careful how I handled him during the daytime, when he was warm. But I could do whatever I wanted at night, when he was cold, without any fear of being bitten. The obvious disadvantage of being ectothermic is that the animal’s activity levels are dependent upon the environment. But its low metabolic rates mean that it requires far less food, which is an advantage. I used to feed the crocodile a tiny piece of liver once a week, while the family cat demanded three meals every day. We should therefore not think that reptiles are inferior to mammals and birds; they are just different
The word “sluggish” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. sleepy
B. cold
C. inactive
D. warm
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Chọn A
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích:
Từ “sluggish” ở đoạn 3 gần nghĩa nhất với______
A. ngái ngủ, uể oải
B. lạnh
C. không hoạt động
D. ấm
Thông tin: Reptiles are usually sluggish first thing in the morning, their body temperatures having dropped during the cool of the night.
Tạm dịch: Loài bò sát thường uể oải vào buổi sáng, nhiệt độ cơ thể chúng giảm xuống do sự mát mẻ ban đêm
The captain has not decided yet where to stop on the journey – we’ll just play it by_______ and see how we feel
What is most striking is that most authors made_______ efforts to secure proper authorization for their works
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Harry: “Were you chosen for our school football team?
Porter: “_______”
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Ants were the first group of eusocial predatory insects (A) that both (B) lived and foraged primarily (C) in the soil and in rotting vegetation (D) on the ground
Choose the word or phrase OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following sentences
Work efficiency has increased appreciably each year thanks to computers and their ability to multitask
The receptionist didn’t know_______ whom the message was intended
Once_______ with the latest technology, many vehicle manufacturing factories are believed to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) drastically
“Who volunteered to pick up the refreshments for today’s meeting?” – “ ________”
There are two major factors_______ this decrease in the number of students_______ an MBA degree in their countries today
Many students regret not having taken the opportunity to learn English when they were at high school
