Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

     Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.

     One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud was a distraction to others. Examinations of factors related to the historical development of silent reading have revealed that it became the usual mode of reading for most adults mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

     The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As the number of readers increased, the number of potential listeners declined and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century, there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully and over whether the reading of materials such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed, this argument remains with us still in education. However, whateverits virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialised readership on the other.

     By the end of the twentieth century, students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use reading skills which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.

 

All of the following might be the factors that affected the continuation of the old shared literacy culture EXCEPT ______.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following.

An international medical conference initiated by Davison resulted in the birth of the League of Red Cross Societies in 1991

Mark the letter A, B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following

He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in danger.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

     Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.

     One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud was a distraction to others. Examinations of factors related to the historical development of silent reading have revealed that it became the usual mode of reading for most adults mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

     The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As the number of readers increased, the number of potential listeners declined and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century, there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully and over whether the reading of materials such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed, this argument remains with us still in education. However, whateverits virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialised readership on the other.

     By the end of the twentieth century, students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use reading skills which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.

Reading aloud was more common in the medieval world because ______.

_____ taken my parents’ advice, I wouldn't be a teacher now.

He is decorating his house _____ selling it.

My father is in _____of 30 engineers and 80 workers.

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Be quick! We must speed up if we don’t want to miss the flight”

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

- Kathy. “Make yourself at home” – Jim. “ ______”

The government is aiming _____ 50% reduction _____ unemployment.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the questions

The team leader demanded from his team members a serious attitude towards work, a good team spirit, and that they work hard

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer answer to each of the questions.

     One of the most interesting authors of the twentieth century, J.R.R. Tolkien, achieved fame through his highly inventive trilogy, The Lord of the Rings. Born in 1892, Tolkien received his education from Oxford and then served in World War I. After the war, he became a professor of Anglo-Saxon and English language and literature at Oxford University.

     Although published in 1965, the three books that comprise The Lord of the Rings were written in intervals from 1936 to 1949. This was mainly due to Tolkien’s responsibilities as a professor and the outbreak of World War II. By the late 1960s, this fascinating trilogy had become a sociological phenomenon as young people intently studied the mythology and legends created by Tolkien. The trilogy is remarkable not only for its highly developed account of historical fiction but also its success as a modern heroic epic. The main plot chronicles the struggle between good and evil kingdom as they try to acquire a magic ring that has the power to rule the world. The novels, which are set in a time called Middle Earth, describe a detailed fantasy world. Established before humans populated the Earth, Middle Earth was inhabited by good and evil creatures such as hobbits, dwarves, elves, monsters, wizards, and some humans. The characters and the setting of Middle Earth were modeled after mythological stories from Greece and Northern Europe.

     Although readers have scrutinized the texts for inner meaning and have tried to connect the trilogy with Tolkien’s real life experiences in England during World War II, he denies the connection. He claims that the story began in his years as an undergraduate student grew out of his desire to create mythology and legends about elves and their language.

Tolkien was a masterful fantasy novelist who used his extensive knowledge of folklore to create a body or work that is still read and enjoyed throughout the world today.

What does this passage mainly discuss?

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions