Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 43.
Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.
One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud was a distraction to others. Examinations of factors related to the historical development of silent reading have revealed that it became the usual mode of reading for most adults mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As the number of readers increases, the number of potential listeners decline and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.
Towards the end of the century, there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully and over whether the reading of materials such as newspapers was in some mentally weakening. Indeed, this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.
By the end of the twentieth century, students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use reading skills which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader.
The social, cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.
Silent reading, especially in public places, flourished mainly because of______
A. the increase in literacy
B. the decreasing number of listeners
C. the decreasing need to read aloud
D. the development of libraries
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Đáp án A
Giải thích: The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As the number of readers increases, the number of potential listeners decline and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.
Dịch nghĩa: Thế kỷ trước đã thấy một sự gia tăng dần dần ổn định trong trình độ học vấn và do đó trong số độc giả. Khi số lượng độc giả tăng lên, số lượng thính giả tiềm năng suy giảm và do đó có sự tụt giảm sự cần thiết phải đọc to. Khi đọc vì lợi ích của người nghe trở nên ít phổ biến, thì đến sự hưng thịnh của việc đọc như một hoạt động cá nhân ở những nơi công cộng như thư viện, toa xe đường sắt và các cơ quan, nơi đọc to sẽ gây mất tập trung cho các độc giả khác.
Như vậy, việc đọc thầm, đặc biệt là ở những nơi công cộng, phát triển chủ yếu vì trình độ học vấn chung tăng lên, ai cũng có thể tự đọc nên nếu đọc to sẽ làm ảnh hưởng đến người khác.
Phương án A. the increase in literacy = sự tăng lên về trình độ học vấn, là phương án chính xác nhất.
B. the decreasing number of listeners = số lượng ngày càng giảm các thính giả.
Sự giảm số lượng người nghe cũng chính là vì trình độ học vấn tăng nên người ta không cần người khác đọc cho nữa.
C. the decreasing need to read aloud. = nhu cầu đọc to ngày càng giảm
Đây cũng là một hệ quả của trình độ học vấn tăng lên.
D. the development of libraries = sự phát triển của thư viện
Đây là hệ quả của việc đọc thầm phát triển hơn, chứ không phải nguyên nhân dẫn đến nó.
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