Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Learning means acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors. It is common to think of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to manipulate toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to interact with their parents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for interacting with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to adapt to the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to influence the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.
There are many forms of learning, ranging from simple to complex. Simple forms of learning involve a single stimulus. A stimulus is anything perceptible to the senses, such as a sight, sound, smell, touch, or taste. In a form of learning known as classical conditioning, people learn to associate two stimuli that occur in sequence, such as lightning followed by thunder. In operant conditioning, people learn by forming an association between a behavior and its consequences (reward or punishment). People and animals can also learn by observation – that is, by watching others perform behaviors. More complex forms of learning in clued learning languages, concepts, and motor skills.
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Psychologists studying learning are interested in human behaviors
B. Psychologists studying memory are concerned with how the stored knowledge is used
C. Psychologists studying memory are concerned with the brain’s storage of knowledge
D. Psychologists are all interested in memory as much as behaviors
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Đáp án D
Giải thích: 3 phương án đầu được nhắc đến đúng như trong bài đọc, còn phương án D không đúng so với thông tin trong bài.
A. Psychologists studying learning are interested in human behaviors. = Những nhà tâm lý học nghiên cứu việc học thích thú với hành vi con người.
In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior … = Ngược lại, những nhà tâm lý học nghiên cứu việc học thích thú với hành vi con người hơn …
B. Psychologists studying memory are concerned with how the stored knowledge is used. = Những nhà tâm lý học nghiên cứu trí nhớ quan tâm đến cách mà kiến thức đã lưu trữ được sử dụng.
Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it. = Các nhà tâm lý học nghiên cứu trí nhớ có hứng thú với cách bộ não chứa kiến thức, nơi sự chứa đựng diễn ra và cách bộ não tìm lại kiến thức khi chúng ta cần nó.
C. Psychologists studying memory are concerned with the brain’s storage of knowledge. = Những nhà tâm lý học nghiên cứu trí nhớ quan tâm đến sự lưu trữ kiến thức của bộ não.
Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it. = Các nhà tâm lý học nghiên cứu trí nhớ có hứng thú với cách bộ não chứa kiến thức, nơi sự chứa đựng diễn ra và cách bộ não tìm lại kiến thức khi chúng ta cần nó.
D. Psychologists are all interested in memory as much as behaviors. = Những nhà tâm lý học đều quan tâm đến trí nhớ và hành vi như nhau.
Trong bài đọc không có thông tin nói trực tiếp về điều này, nhưng việc phân chia các nhà tâm lý học ra làm hai phía, một chuyên nghiên cứu trí nhớ, một chuyên nghiên cứu hành vi cho thấy rằng không phải tất cả các nhà tâm lý học đều quan tâm đến trí nhớ và hành vi như nhau. Do đó phương án D không đúng với thông tin trong bài và là phương án đúng.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Tom said that if he had to do another homework tonight, he would not be able to attend the concert
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
His health would be improved________
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
________ to the skin, they eventually got to the station
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Internationally, 189 countries have signed _______ accord agreeing to create Biodiversity Action Plans to protect endangered and other threatened species
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
The children forgot picking up the note from the office and now they are worried.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
I wanted to go a more ________ route across Montana.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Several deserts are a quite vast and uninhabited ________
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Slippery as the roads were, they managed to complete the race
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Many tall and wide mountain ranges do not let much rain get ________ the desert.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
When old Mr. Barnaby died, several people________ their claim to the substantial legacy that he left
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
The people of the province wanted to become a sovereign state
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Would you mind closing the window please?
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Carl ________ studied harder; he failed the test again.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
They decided to go for a picnic though it was very cold
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
It's no good________ to him; he never answers letters.
