Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
In the United States in the early 1800's, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States chartered manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes, and railroads. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways; first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvement; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.
In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisingly large amount of direct regulatory activity, including extensive licensing and inspection programs. Licensing targets reflected both similarities in and differences between the economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state regulation through licensing fell especially on peddlers, innkeepers, and retail merchants of various kinds. The perishable commodities of trade generally came under state inspection, and such important frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses.
Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action. It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the frontier, where it was greatly needed for settlement. It permitted access to public western lands on increasingly easy terms, culminating in the Homestead Act of 1862, by which title to land could be claimed on the basis of residence alone. Finally, it set up a system of tariffs that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for position by various regional interests produced frequent changes in tariff rates throughout the nineteenth century.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. States's rights versus federal rights
B. The participation of state governments in railroad, canal, and turnpike construction
C. The roles of state and federal governments in the economy of the nineteenth century
D. Regulatory activity by state governments
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Đáp án C
Thông tin: In the United States in the early 1800's, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government.
Dịch nghĩa: Tại Hoa Kỳ vào đầu những năm 1800, chính quyền tiểu bang cá nhân có hiệu lực nhiều hơn đối với nền kinh tế hơn so với chính phủ liên bang.
Đây là câu chủ đề của cả bài viết. Phần sau của bài giải thích rỗ hươn về sự tác động đối với nền kinh tế của hai loại hình chính phủ này.
Phương án C. The roles of state and federal governments in the economy of the nineteenth century = Vai trò của chính quyền tiểu bang và liên bang trong nền kinh tế của thế kỷ XIX; là phương án nêu chủ đề của bài đọc chính xác nhất.
A. States's rights versus federal rights = Các quyền của tiểu bang đối đầu với các quyền của liên bang.
Không có thông tin như vậy trong bài.
B. The participation of state governments in railroad, canal, and turnpike construction = Sự tham gia của chính quyền tiểu bang trong đường sắt, kênh mương, xây dựng cửa xoay tròn
Đây là một phần của chính sách phát triển kinh tế của chính quyền tiểu bang chứ không phải nội dung mang tính chủ đạo của bài.
D. Regulatory activity by state governments = Hoạt động điều tiết của chính quyền tiểu bang.
Đây là một phần của chính sách phát triển kinh tế của chính quyền tiểu bang chứ không phải nội dung mang tính chủ đạo của bài
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
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But in the heyday of portrait painting — from the late eighteenth century until the 1850's — anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner, as such a portraitist was called. Local craftspeople — sign, coach, and house painters — began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvases, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait painting.
According to the passage, where were many of the first American folk art portraits painted?
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
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Our classroom is supplied with ____________
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An application to join this scheme places you under no obligation________
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Despite their initial objections, we soon ____________ them all playing football together
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The children pestered us for sweets
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They will soon find out what she’s been doing
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The ____________ of the project has been suspended because of the inadequate financing
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They are very pleasant to travel by steamer down the Thames from Westminster to Tower Bridge.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Your handwriting is legible. The test scorer will accept your answer
