Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
In the United States in the early 1800's, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States chartered manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes, and railroads. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways; first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvement; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.
In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisingly large amount of direct regulatory activity, including extensive licensing and inspection programs. Licensing targets reflected both similarities in and differences between the economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state regulation through licensing fell especially on peddlers, innkeepers, and retail merchants of various kinds. The perishable commodities of trade generally came under state inspection, and such important frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses.
Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action. It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the frontier, where it was greatly needed for settlement. It permitted access to public western lands on increasingly easy terms, culminating in the Homestead Act of 1862, by which title to land could be claimed on the basis of residence alone. Finally, it set up a system of tariffs that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for position by various regional interests produced frequent changes in tariff rates throughout the nineteenth century.
Which of the following activities was the responsibility of the federal government in the nineteenth century?
A. Control of the manufacture of gunpowder
B. Determining the conditions under which individuals worked
C. Regulation of the supply of money
D. Inspection of new homes built on western lands
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Đáp án C
Thông tin: It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the frontier, where it was greatly needed for settlement.
Dịch nghĩa: Nó đã thành lập một ngân hàng quốc gia để ổn định hoạt động ngân hàng trong nước và một phần là để cung cấp một nguồn cung tiền tương đối dễ dàng đến biên giới, nơi nó được cần rất nhiều để giải quyết vấn đề yên định.
Phương án C. Regulation of the supply of money = Quy định về việc cung cấp tiền, là phương án chính xác nhất.
A. Control of the manufacture of gunpowder = Kiểm soát sản xuất thuốc súng
Đây là trách nhiệm của chính quyền tiểu bang.
B. Determining the conditions under which individuals worked = Xác định các điều kiện theo đó các cá nhân làm việc.
Đây là trách nhiệm của chính quyền tiểu bang.
D. Inspection of new homes built on western lands = Kiểm tra ngôi nhà mới được xây dựng trên vùng đất phía tây.
Không có thông tin như vậy trong bài.
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