Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50.
Social parasitism involves one species relying on another to raise its young. Among vertebrates, the best known social parasites are such birds as cuckoos and cowbirds; the female lays egg in a nest belonging to another species and leaves it for the host to rear.
The dulotic species of ants, however, are the supreme social parasites. Consider, for example, the unusual behavior of ants belonging to the genus Polyergus. All species of this ant have lost the ability to care for themselves. The workers do not forage for food, feed their brood or queen, or even clean their own nest. To compensate for these deficits, Polyergus has become specialized at obtaining workers from the related genus Formica to do these chores.
In a raid, several thousand Polyergus workers will travel up to 500 feet in search of a Formica nest, penetrate it, drive off the queen and her workers, capture the pupal brood, and transport it back to their nest. The captured brood is then reared by the resident Formica workers until the developing pupae emerge to add to the Formica population, which maintains the mixed-species nest. The Formica workers forage for food and give it to colony members of both species. They also remove wastes and excavate new chambers as the population increases.
The true extent of the Polyergus ants' dependence on the Formica becomes apparent when the worker population grows too large for existing nest. Formica scouts locate a new nesting site, return to the mixed-species colony, and recruit additional Formica nest mates. During a period that may last seven days, the Formica workers carry to the new nest all the Polyergus eggs, larvae, and pupae, every Polyergus adult, and even the Polyergus queen.
Of the approximately 8,000 species of ants in the world, all 5 species of Polyergus and some 200 species in other genera have evolved some degree of parasitic relationship with other ants.
According to the information in the passage, all of the following terms refer to ants belonging to the genus Formica EXCEPT the
A. dulotic species of ants (line 5)
B. captured brood (line 13)
C. developing pupae (line 14)
D. worker population (line 19)
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Đáp án A
Thông tin: The dulotic species of ants, however, are the supreme social parasites. Consider, for example, the unusual behavior of ants belonging to the genus Polyergus = Các loài kiến xâm lược, tuy nhiên, là những ký sinh trùng xã hội cao. Xem xét, ví dụ, hành vi bất thường của loài kiến thuộc chi Polyergus.
Như vậy thuật ngữ “dulotic species of ants” là chỉ loài Polyergus chứ không phải loài Formica.
B. captured brood = con nhộng bị bắt.
In a raid, several thousand Polyergus workers will travel up to 500 feet in search of a Formica nest, penetrate it, drive off the queen and her workers, capture the pupal brood, and transport it back to their nest. The captured brood is then reared by the resident Formica workers … = Trong một cuộc đột kích, hàng ngàn kiến thợ Polyergus sẽ di chuyển lên đến 500 feet để tìm kiếm một tổ Formica, thâm nhập nó, bắt hoàng hậu và công nhân của cô, bắt nhộng, và vận chuyển nó trở lại tổ của chúng. Những con nhộng bị bắt sẽ được nuôi dưỡng bởi cư dân kiến thợ Formica …
C. developing pupae = những con nhộng đang phát triển.
The captured brood is then reared by the resident Formica workers until the developing pupae emerge to add to the Formica population, which maintains the mixed-species nest. = Những con nhộng bị bắt sẽ được nuôi dưỡng bởi cư dân kiến thợ Formica cho đến khi nhộng đang phát triển trưởng thành để thêm vào dân số Formica, trong đó duy trì tổ hỗn hợp các loài.
D. worker population = dân số kiến thợ
The true extent of the Polyergus ants' dependence on the Formica becomes apparent when the worker population grows too large for existing nest = Mức độ thực sự của sự phụ thuộc của kiến Polyergus đối với kiến Formica trở nên rõ ràng khi dân số lao động trở nên quá lớn cho tổ hiện có.
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