Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
The word "pertinent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A. relevant
B. preceding
C. insightful
D. responsive
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Đáp án là A
Pertinent = thích hợp, relevant= có liên quan, preceding= có trước, insightful= sâu sắc, responsive= phản ứng nhạy.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
It is hard to get him _____; he is such an aggressive man
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions
The crew divided the life preservers among the twenty terrified passengers as the ship began to sink.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
You need more exercise – you should _____ jogging.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
It gets _____ to understand what the professor has explained.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
At first sight I met her, I was impressed with her _____.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Peter _____ for thirty minutes before Mary arrived.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
–“Would you mind lending me your bike?” – “_____.”
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.
The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.
Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.
Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.
According to the passage, some organisms produce antibiotics in order to ________.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
She was unhappy that she lost contact with a lot of her old friends when she went abroad to study.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Larry drove all night to get here for his sister’s wedding. He _____ exhausted by the time he arrived.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The last person _____ the room must turn off the lights.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
_____ he is old, he wants to travel around the world.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.
Ceramic can be harder, light, and more resistant to heat than metals.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions
Books are primary means for dissemination of knowledge and information.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.
George hasn’t completed the assignment yet, and Mary hasn’t too.
