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Đề thi thử THPT Quốc Gia môn Tiếng anh năm 2020 (Đề số 12)

  • 33227 lượt thi

  • 63 câu hỏi

  • 60 phút

Danh sách câu hỏi

Câu 1:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.

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Đáp án A

“a” trong từ “address” đọc là /ə/, trong các từ còn lại là /ei/.


Câu 2:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.

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Đáp án D

“es” trong từ “headaches” đọc là /t/ do “ch” đọc là /k/, trong các từ còn lại đọc là /iz/ do “ch” đọc là /tʃ/.


Câu 3:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions. 

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Đáp án D

Trọng âm của từ này rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2, các từ còn lại rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3.


Câu 4:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions. 

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Đáp án B

Trọng âm của từ này rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1, các từ còn lại rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2.


Câu 5:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions. 

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Đáp án A

Trọng âm của từ này rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1, các từ còn lại rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2.


Câu 7:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is   CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of  the following questions

Books are primary means for dissemination of knowledge and information.

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Đáp án D

Dissemination = sự truyền bá, distribution= phân phát, invention= phát minh, attempt= thử, variety= đa dạng


Câu 8:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is   CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of  the following questions

Thanks to the invention of microscope, biologist can now gain insights into the nature of  human cell.

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Đáp án A

Insight = deep understanding= hiểu sâu, far-sighted views= nhìn xa trông rộng, spectacular sightings = ánh sáng kỳ vĩ, in-depth studies= học sâu.


Câu 9:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

It gets _____  to understand what the professor has explained.

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Đáp án D

Cấu trúc so sánh hơn với tính từ dài: more and more + long-adj: ngày càng… Các đáp án còn lại không phù hợp, sai cấu trúc.


Câu 11:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

_____, we try our best to complete it.

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Đáp án C

Ý chính: dù bài tập về nhà khó, chúng tôi vẫn cố hết sức đề làm. Câu B, D sai cách cấu trúc, câu A không hợp nghĩa, câu C: adj+ as+ S+ as+ tobe, S+ V: mặc dù … nhưng…


Câu 12:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

It is a top secret. You _____ tell anyone about it

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Đáp án C

Dịch: nó là một bí mật lớn. Bạn … nói với bất kỳ ai về nó-> mustn’t= không được.


Câu 13:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Only when you become a parent _____ what true responsibility is.

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Đáp án C

Dịch: chỉ khi bạn làm cha mẹ, bạn sẽ hiểu được trách nhiệm thật sự là gì. -> chọn đáp án C, đáp án A dùng khi đứng đầu câu hỏi, đáp án B, D không phù hợp.


Câu 14:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Larry drove all night to get here for his sister’s wedding. He _____ exhausted by the time he arrived.

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Đáp án B

Cấu trúc: must have+ PP: phỏng đoán điều có thể xảy ra trong quá khứ.


Câu 15:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Peter _____ for thirty minutes before Mary arrived.

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Đáp án A

Cấu trúc: QKHT/QKHTTD + before+ QKĐ: diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.


Câu 16:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

_____ on the stairs than the phone rang.

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Đáp án A

Đảo ngữ: No sooner+ had+ S+ PP than + S+V_ed: ngay khi… thì…


Câu 17:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The doctor advised Robert _____ to lose the weight.

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Đáp án A

Advise+ Sbd+ to V: khuyên ai nên làm gì. -> loại đáp án C, D. Đáp án B không đúng cấu trúc câu điều kiện, đáp án C: so that+ clause= nhằm để…


Câu 18:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

_____ he is old, he wants to travel around the world.

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Đáp án A

“By this time next summer” tầm này mùa hè sau-> thời điểm xác định trong tương lai-> tương lai hoàn thành: S+ will+ have+ PP.


Câu 19:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

_____ he is old, he wants to travel around the world.

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Đáp án B

Although + clause= In spite of / Despite + N: mặc dù…>< because + clause= bởi vì.


Câu 20:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Nam wanted to know what the time _____.

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Đáp án A

Khi từ để hỏi (what) đứng giữa câu thì mệnh đề sau nó chia như câu tường thuật bình thường với thì tương ứng thì ở mệnh đề đầu.


Câu 21:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The last person _____ the room must turn off the lights.

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Đáp án A

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ dạng chủ động với từ chỉ số thứ tự: The+ stt+ N+ to V+…. Đáp án B phải là “who leaves”.


Câu 22:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

At first sight I met her, I was impressed with her _____.

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Đáp án C

Trật tự tính từ “OpSASCOMP”: opinion- size- age- shape- color-origin- material- purpose.


Câu 23:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

–“Would you mind lending me your bike?” – “_____.”

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Đáp án B

- “bạn có phiền cho tôi mượn xe đạp của bạn không?” Với câu hỏi “do/would you mind.” thì câu trả lời “yes” là không đồng ý, còn “no” là đồng ý. -> không phiền “not at all”.


Câu 24:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

It is hard to get him _____; he is such an aggressive man

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Đáp án D

Get by= chấp nhận, get into sbd= tác động đến ai, get on with sbd= thân thiện với ai, get sth over to sbd= làm rõ điều gì với ai. -> Dịch: thật khó để tác động đến anh ấy, anh ấy là người rất năng nổ.


Câu 25:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

–“Today’s my 20th birthday.” – “_____.”

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Đáp án D

Hôm nay là sinh nhật 20 tuổi của tôi-> tặng lời chúc mừng -> đáp án D: chúc bạn gặp nhiều may mắn. Các đáp án còn lại: A- tôi không hiểu, B- bảo trọng ( khi người nhận đi xa), C- có thời gian vui vẻ nhé ( khi người nhận có chuyến đi chơi).


Câu 26:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

You need more exercise – you should _____ jogging.

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Đáp án C

Hold up sth= cướp, try on= thử sức, take up= tiếp tục, carry out= thực hiện. Dịch: bạn cần nhiều bài luyện tập hơn- hãy thử sức với chạy bộ.


Câu 27:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Mrs. Stevens, along with her cousins from New Mexico, are planning to attend the festivities.

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Đáp án C

Cấu trúc A+ along with+ B+ V(A): động từ chia theo chủ ngữ A. “are”-> “is”.


Câu 28:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

George hasn’t completed the assignment yet, and Mary hasn’t too.

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Đáp án D

“too”= cũng vậy,  đứng cuối câu khẳng định để nhắc lại một điều giống câu trước, “either” = cũng không, đứng cuối câu phủ định để nhắc lại một điều giống câu trước. “too”-> “either”.


Câu 30:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Ceramic can be harder, light, and more resistant to heat than metals.

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Đáp án A

Trước và sau “and” các từ có cùng dạng: “light”-> “lighter”.


Câu 39:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 33 to 42.

Everyone wants to reduce pollution. But the pollution problem is (33)______ complicated as it is serious. It is complicated (34)______ much pollution is caused by things that benefit people. (35)______, exhaust from automobiles causes a large percentage of air pollution. But the automobile (36)______ transportation for millions of people. Factories discharge much (37)______ the material that pollutes the air and water, but factories give employment to a large number of people.

Thus, to end (38)_______ greatly reduce pollution immediately, people would have to (39)______ using many things that benefit them. Most of the people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution can be (40)______ reduced in several ways. Scientists and engineers can work to find ways to lessen the (41)______ of pollution that such things as automobiles and factories cause. Governments can pass and enforce laws that (42)______ businesses and traffic to stop, or to cut down on certain polluting activities.

Điền vào ô số 40

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Đáp án C

Ý chính đầu đoạn 2: ô nhiễm có thể giảm ngay lập tức bằng việc bỏ những việc gậy ô nhiễm mà mọi người vẫn đang làm. Nhưng không ai muốn làm điều đó. Nhưng ô nhiễm có thể giảm… theo nhiều cách. -> nếu như giảm ô nhiễm ngay lập tức không được thì chuyển sang giảm dần dần = gradually


Câu 42:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of  the following questions.

She was unhappy that she lost contact with a lot of her old friends when she went abroad to study. 

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Đáp án C

Lose contact with= mất liên lạc với, keep in touch with= giữ liên lạc với, make room for= nhường chỗ cho, lose control of= mất kiểm soát.


Câu 43:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of  the following questions.

Fruit and vegetable grew in abundance on the island. The islanders even exported the surplus.

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Đáp án C

Abundance= phong phú, large quantity= số lượng lớn>< small quantity= số lượng nhỏ, sufficiency= số lượng đủ, excess= lượng quá mức.


Câu 44:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

What does the passage mainly discuss?

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Đáp án A

Dòng 1 đoạn 1 “Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best way to make an important decision”: những nghiên cứu trên lĩnh vực tâm lý học đã tìm ra một trong những cách tốt nhất để ra một quyết định.-> công cụ để giúp đưa ra quyết định phức tạp.


Câu 45:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

The word "essential" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

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Đáp án D

Essential= thiết yếu, fundamental=cơ bản, introductory= mở đầu, changeable= có thể thay đổi, beneficial = có lợi.


Câu 46:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

The word "pertinent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

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Đáp án A

Pertinent = thích hợp, relevant= có liên quan, preceding= có trước, insightful= sâu sắc, responsive= phản ứng nhạy.


Câu 47:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?

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Đáp án D

Cuối câu 1 đoạn 2 “listing all possible solutions to the problem”: lên danh sách các giải pháp cho vấn đề.


Câu 48:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that

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Đáp án C

Câu cuối đoạn 2 “The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.” Sự lựa chọn có số điểm cao nhất hiện ra như giải pháp tốt nhất.


Câu 49:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

The author organizes paragraph 2 by

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Đáp án A

Đoạn 2 mô tả quá trình đưa ra 1 quyết định với bảng hỏi với từ nối như “next”. Đầu tiên là xác định vấn đề 1 cách rõ ràng, lên danh sách giải pháp, lý do cho sự khả thi của giải pháp và kết quả có hể xảy ra, mỗi lý do sẽ được cho điểm, tính tổng số điểm cho mỗi giải pháp, lựa chọn giải pháp có điểm cao nhất.


Câu 50:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once" (paragraph 3) to explain that

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Đáp án B

Câu này nghĩa là: trung bình, mỗi người giữ được 7 suy nghĩ cùng 1 lúc.-> khả năng thần kinh của con người rất hạn chế, không chứa được nhiều thông tin bằng worksheet


Câu 51:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

The word "succinct" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

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Đáp án D

Succinct= concise= ngắn gọn, creative = sáng tạo, satisfactory= hài lòng, personal= cá nhân.


Câu 52:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

The word "it" in paragraph 4 refers to

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Đáp án B

Câu 1 đoạn 4 “A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it” một mẫu hỏi ra quyết định bắt đầu với 1 tiêu đề ngắn gọn của vấn đề sẽ giúp thu hẹp nó-> “it” là vấn đề.


Câu 53:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

The word "revise" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

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Đáp án C

Revise= xem xét lại, change= thay đổi, ask= hỏi, explain = giải thích, predict= đoán trước.


Câu 54:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.

Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

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Đáp án B

Dịch đáp án:

A- cách sinh sản ở ký sinh trùng,

B- cách sinh vật phản ứng với kẻ thủ,

C- cách kháng sinh hoạt động để chữa bệnh,

D-cách phát triển hệ thống miễn dịch của động vật có xương sống.

 

Đoạn 1 nói về mối quan hệ giữa các loài, đoạn  là sự tự vệ của nấm và vi khuẩn, đoạn 3 là hệ thông bảo vệ của động vật, đoạn cuối là giới thiệu về hệ thống miễn dịch của sống vật có xương sống -> đáp án B là nội dung chính của bài.


Câu 55:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.

Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

The word "intricate" in line 1 is closest in meaning to ________.

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Đáp án C

Intricate= complex= phức tạp, widespread= phổ biến, difficult= khó khăn, critical= chỉ trích.


Câu 56:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.

Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

The expression "an army" in line 5 most likely means ________.

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Đáp án C

An army= một đội quân, a large of number= số lượng lớn, an illness= ốm bệnh, an attack= sự tấn công, a distinct type= một loại khác biệt


Câu 57:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.

Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

According to the passage, some organisms produce antibiotics in order to ________.

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Đáp án C

Đoạn 2 “Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics… The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms” một số loại nấm và vi khuẩn tiết ra chất được gọi là kháng sinh… nguyên tắc tương tự với việc dùng để chống lại những kẻ xâm lăng từ các nhóm khác. -> chông lại nhóm sinh vật khác.


Câu 58:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.

Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

The word "vary" in line 14 could best be replaced by “________”.

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Đáp án B

Vary= thay đổi, differ= khác, endure= chịu đựng, balance= cân bằng, contribute=góp phần.


Câu 59:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.

Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

The word "they" in line 17 refers to ________.

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Đáp án C

Individual= cá thể, vertebrate= động vật có xương sống, transplant = cấy ghép, sponges, worms and shellfish= bọt biển, sâu và một số hải sản có vỏ. Dòng 6 đoạn 3 “transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible” việc cấy ghép tế bào hoặc các mô vào động vật chỉ được chấp nhận khi nó tương thích về di truyền-> việc cấy ghép.


Câu 60:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.

Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

According to the passage, a transplant of tissue between genetically incompatible organisms will result in the transplanted tissue ________.

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Đáp án B

Dựa vào ý của Câu 2 đoạn 3 “all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells”-> việc cấy ghép mô không tương thích sẽ gay ra sự bài trừ “kẻ xâm lăng”


Câu 61:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.

Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

According to the passage, the ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself" enables vertebrates to ________.

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Đáp án A

Câu 2 đoạn 3 “all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells” phần lớp các nhóm động vật có khả năng phát hiện vaf phản ứng lại sự xuất hiện của tế bào ngoại lai.


Câu 62:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.

Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

All of the following are defined in the passage EXCEPT ________.

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Đáp án C

“parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them”- sinh vật sống trên hoặc trong các sinh vật khác và lấy được các chất dinh dưỡng trực tiếp từ chúng. “invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms)” –động vật không xương sống- sinh vật thiếu cột sống ( bao gồm động vật giáp xác, côn trùng, và nhiều loại khác nhau của sâu”, vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column) – động vật có xương sống ( các sinh vật sở hữu 1 cột sống)-> loại trừ đáp án A, B, D.


Câu 63:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64.

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) - make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease - causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.

Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals. The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses ________.

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Đáp án A

Đoạn cuối nói giới thiệu về hệ thống miễn dịch của sống vật có xương sống-> đoạn sau sẽ nói về cách mà hệ thông này hoạt động chống lại các tế bào ngoại lai.


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