Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be adapted. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, even affect organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. The periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

In 1989, a ban was given on all international trade in ivory.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

The Prime Minister set up a committee of financial experts. They ere to help him discuss and formulate new policies.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that

best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Early writing and Alphabets

When people first began to write, they did not use an alphabet. Instead, they drew small pictures to (31) _______ the objects they were writing about. This was very slow because there was a different picture for every word.

            The Ancient Egyptians had a (32) _______of picture writing that was called hieroglyphics. The meaning of this writing was forgotten for a very long time but in 1799 some scientists (33) _______ a stone near Alexandria, in Egypt. The stone had been there for over a thousand years. It had both Greek and hieroglyphics on it and researchers were finally able to understand what the hieroglyphics meant.

          An alphabet is quite different from picture writing. It (34) _______of letters or symbols that represent a sound and each sound is just part of one word. The Phoenicians, who lived about
3,000 years ago, developed the modern alphabets. It was later improved by the Roman's and this alphabet is now used (35) _______ throughout the world.

Điền vào ô 34.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Ironically, the new model is nowhere near as reliable as the old one.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that

best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Early writing and Alphabets

When people first began to write, they did not use an alphabet. Instead, they drew small pictures to (31) _______ the objects they were writing about. This was very slow because there was a different picture for every word.

            The Ancient Egyptians had a (32) _______of picture writing that was called hieroglyphics. The meaning of this writing was forgotten for a very long time but in 1799 some scientists (33) _______ a stone near Alexandria, in Egypt. The stone had been there for over a thousand years. It had both Greek and hieroglyphics on it and researchers were finally able to understand what the hieroglyphics meant.

          An alphabet is quite different from picture writing. It (34) _______of letters or symbols that represent a sound and each sound is just part of one word. The Phoenicians, who lived about
3,000 years ago, developed the modern alphabets. It was later improved by the Roman's and this alphabet is now used (35) _______ throughout the world.

Điền vào ô 32.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that

best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Early writing and Alphabets

When people first began to write, they did not use an alphabet. Instead, they drew small pictures to (31) _______ the objects they were writing about. This was very slow because there was a different picture for every word.

            The Ancient Egyptians had a (32) _______of picture writing that was called hieroglyphics. The meaning of this writing was forgotten for a very long time but in 1799 some scientists (33) _______ a stone near Alexandria, in Egypt. The stone had been there for over a thousand years. It had both Greek and hieroglyphics on it and researchers were finally able to understand what the hieroglyphics meant.

          An alphabet is quite different from picture writing. It (34) _______of letters or symbols that represent a sound and each sound is just part of one word. The Phoenicians, who lived about
3,000 years ago, developed the modern alphabets. It was later improved by the Roman's and this alphabet is now used (35) _______ throughout the world.

Điền vào ô 31.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

"Lily has a lot on her mind", Mrs. Baker said.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

 Ken and Tom are high-school students. They meet each other at a gallery but Ken is in a hurry.

Ken: “I've got to go, Tom. So long”

Tom: “So long, Ken. And _______.”

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

 Did he mean to hurt her or did that happen accidentally?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

(A) The populace was (B) so terrified of the tornado that (C) however town she visited she found (D) villages deserted of inhabitants and livestock.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

- “How about giving me a hand?” – “____________.”