Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.  

For many people who  live  in  cities, parks are an  important part of the  landscape. They provide a place  for  people  to  relax  and  play  sports,  as  well  as  a refuge  from  the often  harsh  environment of  a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.

One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide—a key pollutant—and emit oxygen, which humans  need  to  breathe.  According  to one  study,  an  acre  of  trees  can  absorb  the  same  amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building  materials  such as  metal, concrete, and asphalt absorb much more of the sun’s heat and release it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect.

Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit  from  many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type  of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are very complex and require complicated  engineering, but  others  are  simple  container  gardens  that  anyone  can  create  with  the investment of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.

Rooftop  gardens  provide many  of  the  same  benefits  as  other  urban  park  and  garden  spaces,  but without taking up the much-needed land. Like parks, rooftop gardens help to replace carbon dioxide in the air with nourishing oxygen. They also help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect, which can save people money.  In  the  summer,  rooftop  gardens  prevent  buildings  from  absorbing  heat  from  the  sun,  which  can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help hold in the heat that materials like brick and concrete radiate so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city dwellers, saving them money and making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.

The author’s tone in the passage is best described as _______

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.  

For many people who  live  in  cities, parks are an  important part of the  landscape. They provide a place  for  people  to  relax  and  play  sports,  as  well  as  a refuge  from  the often  harsh  environment of  a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.

One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide—a key pollutant—and emit oxygen, which humans  need  to  breathe.  According  to one  study,  an  acre  of  trees  can  absorb  the  same  amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building  materials  such as  metal, concrete, and asphalt absorb much more of the sun’s heat and release it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect.

Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit  from  many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type  of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are very complex and require complicated  engineering, but  others  are  simple  container  gardens  that  anyone  can  create  with  the investment of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.

Rooftop  gardens  provide many  of  the  same  benefits  as  other  urban  park  and  garden  spaces,  but without taking up the much-needed land. Like parks, rooftop gardens help to replace carbon dioxide in the air with nourishing oxygen. They also help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect, which can save people money.  In  the  summer,  rooftop  gardens  prevent  buildings  from  absorbing  heat  from  the  sun,  which  can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help hold in the heat that materials like brick and concrete radiate so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city dwellers, saving them money and making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.

The author claims all of the following to be the benefits of rooftop gardens except  _______.

Mark  the  letter  A,  B,  C  or  D  on  your  answer  sheet  to  indicate  the  word(s)  CLOSEST    in  meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

 I’m  becoming  increasingly  absent-minded.  Last  week,  I  locked  myself  out  of  my  house twice.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31to 35.

In Germany, it's important to be serious in a work situation. They don't mix work and play so you shouldn't make  jokes  (31)  _______  you  do  in  the  UK  and  USA  when  you  first  meet  people.  They  work  in  a  very organized way and prefer to do one thing at a time. They don't like· interruptions or (32)_______ changes of schedule.  Punctuality  is  very  important  so  you  should  arrive  on  time  for  appointments.  At  meeting,  it's important to follow the agenda and not interrupt (33)  _______ speaker. If you give a presentation, you should focus (34)  _______  facts and technical information and the quality of your company's products. You should also prepare well, as they may ask a lot of questions. Colleagues normally use the family names, and title - for example 'Doctor' or 'Professor', so you shouldn't use first names (35)  _______ a person asks you to.

Điền vào ô 31.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.  

For many people who  live  in  cities, parks are an  important part of the  landscape. They provide a place  for  people  to  relax  and  play  sports,  as  well  as  a refuge  from  the often  harsh  environment of  a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.

One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide—a key pollutant—and emit oxygen, which humans  need  to  breathe.  According  to one  study,  an  acre  of  trees  can  absorb  the  same  amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building  materials  such as  metal, concrete, and asphalt absorb much more of the sun’s heat and release it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect.

Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit  from  many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type  of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are very complex and require complicated  engineering, but  others  are  simple  container  gardens  that  anyone  can  create  with  the investment of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.

Rooftop  gardens  provide many  of  the  same  benefits  as  other  urban  park  and  garden  spaces,  but without taking up the much-needed land. Like parks, rooftop gardens help to replace carbon dioxide in the air with nourishing oxygen. They also help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect, which can save people money.  In  the  summer,  rooftop  gardens  prevent  buildings  from  absorbing  heat  from  the  sun,  which  can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help hold in the heat that materials like brick and concrete radiate so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city dwellers, saving them money and making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.

Based on the information in paragraph 3, which of the following best describes the main difference between parks and rooftop gardens? 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31to 35.

In Germany, it's important to be serious in a work situation. They don't mix work and play so you shouldn't make  jokes  (31)  _______  you  do  in  the  UK  and  USA  when  you  first  meet  people.  They  work  in  a  very organized way and prefer to do one thing at a time. They don't like· interruptions or (32)_______ changes of schedule.  Punctuality  is  very  important  so  you  should  arrive  on  time  for  appointments.  At  meeting,  it's important to follow the agenda and not interrupt (33)  _______ speaker. If you give a presentation, you should focus (34)  _______  facts and technical information and the quality of your company's products. You should also prepare well, as they may ask a lot of questions. Colleagues normally use the family names, and title - for example 'Doctor' or 'Professor', so you shouldn't use first names (35)  _______ a person asks you to.

Điền vào ô 33.

John asked me _______ that film the night before

- “Your parents must be proud of your results at school”. - “_______”

Remember that things such as language, food and clothing are simply expressions of our cultural _______.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

One of the most interesting authors of the twentieth century, J.R.R Tolkien, achieved fame through his highly  inventive  trilogy,  The  Lord  of  the  Rings.  Born  in  1892,  Tolkien  received  his  education  from Oxford and then served in World War I. After the war, he became a professor of Anglo -Saxon and English language and literature at Oxford University.

Although published in  1965,  the  three  books that  comprise  the  Lord of  the  Rings  were  written in

intervals  from  1936  to  1949. This was mainly due to Tolkien's responsibilities as a professor and the outbreak of World War II. By the late 1960s, this fascinating trilogy had become a sociological phenomenon as young people intently studied the mythology and legends created by Tolkien.

The trilogy is remarkable not only for its highly developed account of historical fiction but also its

success as a  modern heroic epic. The  main plot describes the struggle  between good and evil kingdom as

they try to acquire a  magic ring that   has the power to rule the world. The novels, which are set in a time

called  Middle  Earth,  describe  a  detailed  fantasy  world.  Established  before  humans  populated  the  Earth,

Middle Earth was inhabited by good and evil creatures such as hobbits, elves, monsters, wizards, and some

humans.  The  characters  and  the  setting  of  Middle  Earth  were  modeled  after  mythological  stories  from

Greece and Northern Europe.

Although readers have  scrutinized  the texts for inner meaning and have tried to connect the trilogy with  Tolkien's real  life experiences  in England during World  War II, he denied the connection. He claims that the story began in his years as an undergraduate student and grew out of his desire to create mythology and legends about elves and their language.

Tolkien  was  a  masterful  fantasy  novelist  who used  his  extensive  knowledge of  folklore to  create a body of work that is still read and enjoyed throughout the world today.

What is the setting of Tolkien's trilogy?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

One of the most interesting authors of the twentieth century, J.R.R Tolkien, achieved fame through his highly  inventive  trilogy,  The  Lord  of  the  Rings.  Born  in  1892,  Tolkien  received  his  education  from Oxford and then served in World War I. After the war, he became a professor of Anglo -Saxon and English language and literature at Oxford University.

Although published in  1965,  the  three  books that  comprise  the  Lord of  the  Rings  were  written in

intervals  from  1936  to  1949. This was mainly due to Tolkien's responsibilities as a professor and the outbreak of World War II. By the late 1960s, this fascinating trilogy had become a sociological phenomenon as young people intently studied the mythology and legends created by Tolkien.

The trilogy is remarkable not only for its highly developed account of historical fiction but also its

success as a  modern heroic epic. The  main plot describes the struggle  between good and evil kingdom as

they try to acquire a  magic ring that   has the power to rule the world. The novels, which are set in a time

called  Middle  Earth,  describe  a  detailed  fantasy  world.  Established  before  humans  populated  the  Earth,

Middle Earth was inhabited by good and evil creatures such as hobbits, elves, monsters, wizards, and some

humans.  The  characters  and  the  setting  of  Middle  Earth  were  modeled  after  mythological  stories  from

Greece and Northern Europe.

Although readers have  scrutinized  the texts for inner meaning and have tried to connect the trilogy with  Tolkien's real  life experiences  in England during World  War II, he denied the connection. He claims that the story began in his years as an undergraduate student and grew out of his desire to create mythology and legends about elves and their language.

Tolkien  was  a  masterful  fantasy  novelist  who used  his  extensive  knowledge of  folklore to  create a body of work that is still read and enjoyed throughout the world today.

According to the passage, when did "the Lord of the Rings" trilogy become popular with young people? 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

One of the most interesting authors of the twentieth century, J.R.R Tolkien, achieved fame through his highly  inventive  trilogy,  The  Lord  of  the  Rings.  Born  in  1892,  Tolkien  received  his  education  from Oxford and then served in World War I. After the war, he became a professor of Anglo -Saxon and English language and literature at Oxford University.

Although published in  1965,  the  three  books that  comprise  the  Lord of  the  Rings  were  written in

intervals  from  1936  to  1949. This was mainly due to Tolkien's responsibilities as a professor and the outbreak of World War II. By the late 1960s, this fascinating trilogy had become a sociological phenomenon as young people intently studied the mythology and legends created by Tolkien.

The trilogy is remarkable not only for its highly developed account of historical fiction but also its

success as a  modern heroic epic. The  main plot describes the struggle  between good and evil kingdom as

they try to acquire a  magic ring that   has the power to rule the world. The novels, which are set in a time

called  Middle  Earth,  describe  a  detailed  fantasy  world.  Established  before  humans  populated  the  Earth,

Middle Earth was inhabited by good and evil creatures such as hobbits, elves, monsters, wizards, and some

humans.  The  characters  and  the  setting  of  Middle  Earth  were  modeled  after  mythological  stories  from

Greece and Northern Europe.

Although readers have  scrutinized  the texts for inner meaning and have tried to connect the trilogy with  Tolkien's real  life experiences  in England during World  War II, he denied the connection. He claims that the story began in his years as an undergraduate student and grew out of his desire to create mythology and legends about elves and their language.

Tolkien  was  a  masterful  fantasy  novelist  who used  his  extensive  knowledge of  folklore to  create a body of work that is still read and enjoyed throughout the world today.

What can we assume is NOT true about Middle Earth?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.  

For many people who  live  in  cities, parks are an  important part of the  landscape. They provide a place  for  people  to  relax  and  play  sports,  as  well  as  a refuge  from  the often  harsh  environment of  a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.

One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide—a key pollutant—and emit oxygen, which humans  need  to  breathe.  According  to one  study,  an  acre  of  trees  can  absorb  the  same  amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building  materials  such as  metal, concrete, and asphalt absorb much more of the sun’s heat and release it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect.

Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit  from  many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type  of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are very complex and require complicated  engineering, but  others  are  simple  container  gardens  that  anyone  can  create  with  the investment of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.

Rooftop  gardens  provide many  of  the  same  benefits  as  other  urban  park  and  garden  spaces,  but without taking up the much-needed land. Like parks, rooftop gardens help to replace carbon dioxide in the air with nourishing oxygen. They also help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect, which can save people money.  In  the  summer,  rooftop  gardens  prevent  buildings  from  absorbing  heat  from  the  sun,  which  can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help hold in the heat that materials like brick and concrete radiate so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city dwellers, saving them money and making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.

Using the information in paragraph 2 as a guide, it can be inferred that _______.

Mark the letter A, B C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

The world is becoming more (A) industrialized and the number of animal (B) species that have become (C) extinct (D) have increased.