Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 41 to 45.
CHESS
Chess, often (41)______ to as the Royal Game, is the oldest of all board games which do not contain an element of chance.
The origins of chess are uncertain, (42)______ there are a number of legends regarding its invention. One story says that it was King Solomon who invented chess, another that it was the Greek god Hermes, and yet another that the Chinese mandarin Han-Sing was responsible for its creation. In fact, chess almost certainly originated in India in the sixth or seventh century AD. The game‟s popularity then spread quickly through Persia (now known as Iran) and from there came to Europe. The first documented reference to chess in literature is in a Persian romance which was written about 600 AD.
It is (43)_______ the word „chess‟ comes from „shah‟, the Persian word for „king‟ and that „checkmate‟, the game‟s winning (44)_______, comes from the phrase „shah mat‟, (45)______ „the king is dead‟.
The rules and pieces used in the game have undergone changes over the centuries. Modem chess owes much to the Spaniard Lopez de Segura, who in 1561 wrote the first book on how to play the game. In it, he introduced the concept of „castling‟, which had not been part of the game until then.
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Giải thích:
refer to sb / sth as: gọi / xem ai đó / cái gì (bằng tên gọi cụ thể hoặc đặc trưng)
Chess, often (41) referred to as the Royal Game, is the oldest of all board games which do not contain an element of chance.
Tạm dịch: Cờ vua thường được xem như là một Trò chơi Hoàng Gia, là một trong những trò chơi lâu đời nhất.
Chọn D
. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.
The joys and tribulations of being a pet owner! During our lifetime most of us have some experience of either owning a pet or being in close contact with someone who does. Is there such a thing as “the ideal pet”? If so what characterizes the ideal pet? Various (26) _______ influence one‟s choice of pet, from your reasons for getting a pet (27) _______ your lifestyle. For example, although quite a few pets are relatively cheap to buy, the cost of (28) _______ can be considerable. Everything must be taken into account, from food and bedding, to vaccinations and veterinary bills. You must be prepared to spend time on your pet, (29)_______ involves shopping for it, cleaning and feeding it. Pets can be demanding and a big responsibility. Are you prepared to exercise and housetrain an animal or do you prefer a more independent pet? How much spare room do you have? Is it right to lock an energetic animal into a (30) _______ space? Do you live near a busy road which may threaten the life of your pet? Pets such as turtles and goldfish can be cheap and convenient, but if you prefer affectionate pets, a friendly cat or dog would be more appropriate. People get pets for a number of reasons, for company, security or to teach responsibility to children. Pets can be affectionate and loyal and an excellent source of company as long as you know what pet suit you and your lifestyle.
a financially successful life. (17) ______, the cost of education was not so high.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
Psychologists have long known that having a set of cherished companions is crucial to mental well-being. A recent study by Australian investigators concluded that our friends even help to (1) ______ our lives. The study concentrated (2) ______ the social environment, general health, and lifestyle of 1,477 persons older than 70 years. The participants were asked how much contact they had with friends, children, relatives and acquaintances. Researchers were surprised to learn that friendships increased life (3) ______ to a far greater extent than frequent contact with children and other relatives. This benefit held true even after these friends had moved away to another city and was independent of factors such as socioeconomic status, health, and way of life. According to scientists, the ability to have relationships with people to (4) ______ one is important has a positive effect on physical and mental health. Stress and tendency towards depression are reduced, and behaviours that are damaging to health, such as smoking and drinking, occur less frequently. (5)_______, our support networks, in times of calamity in particular, can raise our moods and feelings of self-worth and offer helpful strategies for dealing with difficult personal challenges.
(Source: Academic Vocabulary in Use by Michael McCarthy and Felicity O’Dell)
You will make the interview process easier for the employer if you volunteer relevant information about yourself. Think about how you want to present your (6)_______, experiences, education, work style, skills, and goals. Be prepared to supplement all your answers with examples that support the statements you make.
It is also a good idea to review your résumé with a critical eye and identify areas that an employer might see as limitations or want further information. Think about how you can answer difficult questions (7)_______ and positively, while keeping each answer brief.
An interview gives the employer a (8)_______ to get to know you. While you do want to market yourself to the employer, answer each question with an honest response.
Never say anything negative about past experiences, employers, or courses and professors. Always think of something positive about an experience and talk about that. You should also be (9)_______. If you are genuinely interested in the job, let the interviewer know that.
One of the best ways to show you are interested in a job is to demonstrate that you have researched the organization prior to the interview. You can also (10)_______ interest by asking questions about the job, the organization, and its services and products.
Left-handers are the odd ones out. Sure, lefties (11) ______up about 10 percent of the population - but, frankly, it seems like society has forgotten about them. Just consider all of the right-handed gadgets, awkwardly designed desks, and cooking tools that fit comfortably only in your right hand. What (12)
______someone to become a lefthand? Scientists aren‟t exactly sure, but research points to a complex (13) ______between genes and environment. While no exact set of “leftie genes” have been discovered, people who dominantly use their left hands do have more left-handed family members. And researchers have found different brain wirings in righties vs. lefties. But no matter (14) ______it is that drives someone to use their antipodal paw, science has also uncovered a particular set of personality traits that left-handed people tend to have. So for all of you lefties, leftie-loving righties, and ambidextrous folks out there - it‟s time to brush up on your left-handed knowledge and help (15) ______an end to leftie discrimination once and for all.
As teenagers approach university level, a decision has to be made on what course to pursue. In this world of diversity, (16)______ such a choice is not easy for both children and parents. In the old days, it was not much a problem to do the task because there were not so many diverse learning areas to choose from. Besides, there were only a few distinctive professional careers like doctor, engineer, accountant, nurse, teacher, etc. to think about. Most higher learning usually led to a financially successful life. (17) ______, the cost of education was not so high.
Today‟s world is entirely different from the things (18) ______ have just been described. The job market is constantly changing due to innovative technology and new (19) ______. Meanwhile, most teenagers have difficulty in identifying their own interests. There are a variety of well-organized career talks and student counseling workshops to guide and help teenagers (20) ______ what course to take. Furthermore, psychological tests are also used. Certain instruments such as surveys, interviews and computer software can help to find out preferences, interests, or learning styles of the students.
Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks from 46 to 50.
What make a good souvenir?
On my desk at home, I have a collection of souvenirs; objects that remind me of places I‟ve visited and important events in my life. These objects include a model boat that I saw being carved from a piece of wood on a Caribbean island, a piece of lava that emerged hot from a volcano in the year I was born, and a shell (46) _____ on my favourite childhood beach.
Unlike everything else, from which memory and detail fades, it is as if the longer you hold on to certain objects, the (47) ________ their associations with the past become, and the sharper the recollections that gather around them. They are, (48) ________, real souvenirs, encapsulations not only of the place, but of your time in the place. But these days, the term “real souvenirs” sounds like a contradiction in terms, and this is because the objects sold to tourists as souvenirs are often cheap mass-produced imports that have nothing to do with the place at all.
It‟s often the (49) _____ that the best souvenirs, like my shell, are found rather than purchased, but browsing for souvenirs can also be a fun holiday activity. But if you are buying souvenirs on holiday this summer, make sure they (50) ________ the reality test. A good souvenir is not just made in the area where it is bought, it also says something about the culture of that area. It is something made by local people using sustainable local materials, and because you are effectively supporting the local economy, it shouldn‟t come too cheap, either.
