Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks from 46 to 50.

University researchers have taken samples from a preserved dodo specimen in an (46) _____ to uncover the extinct bird‟s family tree. They worked with the British Natural History Museum to collect and study genetic material from large number of specimens: a preserved dodo, the extinct solitaire bird, and 35 kind of living pigeons and doves. Their analysis (47) _____ the doo and the solitaire to be close relatives with the Nicobar pigeon, their nearest living relative. The dodo lived on Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It was a flightless bird, bigger than a turkey. By 1681, all dodos had been (48) _____ by hungry sailors. The solitaire, which looked a bit like a dodo, had gone the same way by 1800. By extracting short pieces of the dodo‟s DNA and (49) _____ these with the DNA of living birds, the scientists were able to deduce when the dodo evolved away from its relatives into a separate entity. The scientists can now (50) _____ assume that the dodo developed its distinctive appearance and features as a result of its geographical isolation. They are now convinced that it separated from the solitaire about 25 million years ago, long before Mauritius became an island.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

On April 3, 1972, a man came out of the Hilton hotel in Manhattan and started walking down the street. He stopped, (31)______ his hand with a strange object in it, put it to his ear and started to talk into it. This was the beginning of mobile phone (32)_______, more than 30 years ago. That man was Motorola's project manager, Martin Cooper, who was (33)______ his 34th birthday that day. The strange object was the first mobile phone, which was nicknamed “the shoe” because of its unusual (34) ______.Mr. Cooper had gone to New York to introduce the new phone. The first call he made was to his rival, Joe Engel at AT&T's research centre. Engel was responsible for the development of the radiophones for cars. "I called him and said that I was talking on a real mobile phone (35)_____ I was holding in my hand," said Cooper. "I don't remember what he said in reply, but I'm sure he wasn't happy." The quality of the call was very good, because although New York had only one base station at that time, it was being used by only one user - Martin Cooper.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 41 to 45.

SOCIAL NETWORK

A 16-year-old girl from Essex has been sacked after describing her job as boring on the social networking website, Facebook. The teenager, who had been working (41)_____ an administrative assistant at a marketing company for just three weeks, didn‟t feel very enthusiastic about the duties she was asked to do. (42)_____ of moaning to her friends she decided to express her thoughts on her Facebook page to a colleague, who (43) _____ the boss‟s attention to it. He immediately fired her on the (44)_____ that her public display of dissatisfaction made it impossible for her to continue working for the company. She later told newspapers she had been treated totally unfairly, especially as she hadn‟t even mentioned the company‟s name. She claimed she‟s been perfectly happy with her job and that her light-hearted comments shouldn‟t (45)_____ taken seriously. A spokesperson from a workers‟ union said the incident demonstrated two things: firstly, that people need to protect their privacy online and secondly, that employers should be less sensitive to criticism.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks from 11 to 15.

About 50 or so kinds modern plastic are made from oil, gas, or coal-non-renewable natural resources. We (11)___ well over three million tons of the stuff in Japan each year and, sooner or later, most of it is thrown away .A high proportion of our animal consumption is in the (12)____ of packaging and this constitutes about seven percent by weight, of our domestic (13) ____ . Almost all of it can be recycled, but very little of it is ,though the plastic recycling industry is growing fast. The plastics themselves are extremely energy - rich – they have a higher calorific (14) ____ than coal and one methodn of “recovery” strongly (15)____ by plastic manufacturers if the conversion of waste plastic into a fuel.

The (2)______ trees are cut down to sell the wood to start farms.