Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Câu 20: The impact of increased urbanization has been harmful to the environment and has led to the growth of greenhouse gas emissions

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35

Marine ecotourism focuses specifically on activities that take place on the coast or in the ocean. It includes activities like eco-friendly boating, dolphin and whale watching, snorkeling, scuba diving and fishing, but in a sustainable way and with an emphasis on education.

One of the most popular forms of marine ecotourism is whale watching. Whales are worth more alive than dead these days, after decades — maybe even centuries — of whaling. While commercial whaling is banned in most countries, Japan, Norway and Iceland have continued the practice through finding loopholes or just rebelling against the international law. A recent National Geographic article discussed the fact that the Japanese, for example, are eating much less whale meat than in the past. They’re also spending a lot more time whale watching.

Mexico is another example of this. The shark watching revenue in the Gulf of California region represents more than half the value from shark fisheries in the country. Ecotourism has become a much-needed source of employment in the Gulf of California (and other coastal regions) because of warming ocean temperatures, extreme weather events that are taking place more often than they have in the past, and declining fish stocks. In Newfoundland, Canada’s main sealing province, over 1.3 million people participated in whale watching. That contributed to nearly $20 million to the local economy and is seen as a possible alternative to the sealing economy.

Ecotourism Australia says that “ecotourism has rocketed from an unknown entity to global phenomenon in the last 30 years and nature-based tourism already makes up 75 percent of the international tourism market.” It’s an example of knowing better and doing better, and can make a positive impact on conservation efforts on the coast and in the ocean.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42

Whether you’re put off by student loans, you need a break from education, or you’re keen on starting work straight after school – going to university isn’t the right choice for everyone. And you might be surprised at the career prospects available to those without a degree. If you’re considering not going to university, here are a few options of what you could do next.

If you’ve just finished school and you don’t have any work experience, traineeships and internships are a great way to prepare yourself for your future career. Traineeships usually last from six weeks to six months, and are offered exclusively to 16-23 year olds. Not only do they provide essential work preparation training, they’re also the perfect opportunity to gain the practical skills and experience needed to move onto an apprenticeship or job. While internships are similar to traineeships, they are available to people of all ages – and usually focus more on providing practical work experience, rather than guided training and work preparation. .

School leaver programmes are becoming a popular choice for A-level students who aren’t interested in university, but still want the learning and training that’s involved with further education. These programmes are designed to give school leavers the chance to earn a qualification whilst working part-time or full-time (and earning a wage). The exact structure of a school leaver programme will largely depend on the company you work for. School leaver programmes could last anything from three to seven years, and are most common in industries like accountancy, finance, retail, engineering, and IT. .

If you’re keen to start work straight away, an entry-level job could be well within your reach. And you may be surprised at what kinds of jobs are available. Whether you want to start a career in education, you’re interested in breaking into the marketing industry, or you’re passionate about IT – you don’t always need extensive experience or qualifications to start a career in your preferred sector. And with many employers providing on-the-job training for new recruits, you’ll be able to learn a range of key skills to help you progress within the industry. .

(Adapted from https://www.reed.co.uk/)