The four men are widely believed__________by their captors because their family did not agree to pay the ransom.
A. to kill
B. to have been killed
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Đáp án B
Đáp án B - câu hỏi câu bị động với động từ tường thuật
Các động từ tường thuật như say/ believe/ think/ expect/ suppose... khi chuyển về bị động sẽ có cấu trúc như sau:
S + be + P2 (tường thuật) + to V/ to have P2 +...
Trong cấu trúc trên, to V được sử dụng khi hành động được tường thuật “to V” xảy ra sau hoặc cùng lúc với hành động tường thuật (là be + P2). Mặt khác, to have P2 được sử dụng khi hành động được tường thuật “to have P2” xảy ra trước hành động tường thuật (là be + P2).
Trong câu này, hành động tường thuật “are widely believed” được chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, còn hành động được tường thuật xảy ra ở trong quá khứ (vì có mệnh đề because their family did not agree to pay the ransom chia ở quá khứ). Vậy nên, đáp án A và D bị loại, chỉ còn B và C có thể chọn.
Động từ kill là ngoại động từ, trong câu này không có tân ngữ, nên phải để ở dạng bị động. Vậy nên chỉ còn đáp án B đúng.
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