Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

SPORTS COMMENTARY

One of the most interesting and distinctive of all uses of language is commentary. An oral reporting of ongoing activity, commentary is used in such public arenas as political ceremonies, parades, funerals, fashion shows and cooking demonstrations. The most frequently occurring type of commentary may be that connected with sports and games. In sports there are two kinds of commentary, and both are often used for the same sporting event. “Play-by-play” commentary narrates the sports event, while “colour -adding” or “colour” commentary provides the audience with pre-event background, during-event interpretation, and post¬event evaluation. Colour commentary is usually conversational in style and can be a dialogue with two or more commentators.

Play-by-play commentary is of interest to linguists because it is unlike other kinds of narrative, which are typically reported in past tense. Play-by-play commentary is reported in present tense. Some examples are “he takes the lead by four” and “she’s in position.” One linguist characterizes radio play-by-play commentary as “a monologue directed at an unknown, unseen mass audience who voluntarily choose to listen...and provide no feedback to the speaker.” It is these characteristics that make this kind of commentary unlike any other type of speech situation.

The chief feature of play-by-play commentary is a highly formulaic style of presentation. There is distinctive grammar not only in the use of the present tense but also in the omission of certain elements of sentence structure. For example, “Smith in close” eliminates the verb, as some newspaper headlines do. Another example is inverted word order, as in “over at third is Johnson.” Play-by-play commentary is very fluent, keeping up with the pace of the action. The rate is steady and there is little silence. The structure of the commentary is cyclical, reflecting the way most games consist of recurring sequences of short activities---as in tennis and baseball---or a limited number of activity options---as in the various kinds of football. In racing, the structure is even simpler, with the commentator informing the listener of the varying order of the competitors in a “state of play” summary, which is crucial for listeners or viewers who have just tuned in.

The word “that” in paragraph 1 refers to?

One of the boys kept laughing, this annoyed Jane intensely.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

What was once a great and powerful empire have effectively ceased to be.

The suspect was seen__________the building by at least a dozen witnesses.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or Don your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 33 to 37.

The wildlife of the Juan Fernandez Archipelago remained undisturbed until the arrival of European settlers, who introduced their animals to the Islands. Amongst these were goats and cows to be bred for meat and milk, but also rats and mice which had jumped ship. Cats later brought over to kill these pests also quickly escaped into the (33) __________. Little did the settlers understand the impact this would have on local species. The rabbits they'd brought over too, could not be held in captivity for long, and their numbers rapidly expanded. But it was not just fauna that arrived but also (34) __________. Plants such as the blackberry bramble flourished in the tropical climate and spread throughout the native forest.

In the past, the islands’ birds had no natural predators. Many therefore evolved to lay their eggs in ground nests. This habit now makes them incredibly (35) __________as rats and mice destroy their eggs and cats devour the newly hatched chicks. Meanwhile grazing goats, rabbits and cows have turned once fertile valleys into wasteland. One now rare tree species is known as the Luma, in which firecrown hummingbirds nests. Today the Luma is being covered over by spiky blackberry brambles, the hummingbird’s natural habitat is disappearing and the fear is that they will soon (36) __________. Conservationists from Chile and around the world are uniting to show the urgent need for preservation of these islands' original and unique species. They know the best way to do this is to (37) __________the plants and animals that are alien species.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Peter ordered a pizza and salad.__________pizza was nice but__________salad was disgusting.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

His voice had a freshness that would make many tenors under the age of 40 go green with__________.

This band normally__________their album with an instrumental track.

Having counted all the students on the bus, __________

Those Americans are looking for a place where they can exchange their dollars__________pounds.