Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Fungi, of which there are over 100,000 species, including yeasts and other single-celled organisms as well as the common molds and mushrooms, were formerly classified as members of the plant kingdom. However, in reality they are very different from plants and today they are placed in a separate group altogether. The principal reason for this is that none of them possesses chlorophyll, and since they cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates, they obtain their supplies either from the breakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms. Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not made of cellulose, as those of plants are, but of another complex sugar like polymer called chitin, the material from which the hard outer skeletons of shrimps, spiders, and insects are made. The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi and those of plants is of enormous importance because it enables the tips of the growing hyphae, the threadlike cells of the fungus, to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant cells without having any effect on those of the fungus itself. It is these cellulose-destroying enzymes that enable fungi to attack anything made from wood, wood pulp, cotton, flax, or other plant material.
The destructive power of fungi is impressive. They are a major cause of structural damage to building timbers, a cause of disease in animals and humans, and one of the greatest causes of agricultural losses. Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting. Some fungi can grow at +50°C, while others can grow at -5°c, so even food in cold storage may not be completely safe from them. On the other hand, fungi bring about the decomposition of dead organic matter, thus enriching the soil and returning carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. They also enter into a number of mutually beneficial relationships with plants and other organisms. In addition, fungi are the source of many of the most potent antibiotics used in clinical medicine, including penicillin.
What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
A. Differences between simple and complex fungi.
B. Functions of chlorophyll in plants.
C. Functions of sugar in the walls of fungal cells.
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Đáp án D
Đoạn 1 chủ yếu thảo luận về điều gì?
A. Những sự khác biệt giữa nấm đơn giản và nấm phức tạp.
B. Chức năng của chất diệp lục trong thực vật.
C. Chức năng của đường trong thành tế bào nấm.
D. Sự khác biệt giữa nấm và thực vật.
Thông tin trong bài: "Fungi, of which there are over 100,000 species, including yeasts and other single-celled organisms as well as the common molds and mushrooms, were formerly classified as members of the plant kingdom. However, in reality they are very different from plants and today they are placed in a separate group altogether." (Nấm, trong đó có hơn 100.000 loài, bao gồm nấm men và các sinh vật đơn bào khác cũng như nấm mốc và các loại nấm thông dụng khác, trước đây được phân loại là thành viên của giới thực vật. Tuy nhiên, trên thực tế chủng rất khác với thực vật và ngày nay chúng được xếp vào một nhóm tách biệt hoàn toàn.)
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
Saving energy means saving money and conserving our natural resources. Homeowners and renters know this basic fact, but they often don't know what kinds of adjustments they can make in their homes and apartments that will result in savings.
For those willing to spend some time and money to reap long-term energy savings, an energy audit is the way to go. An energy auditor will come into your home and assess its energy efficiency. The auditor will pinpoint areas of your home that use the most energy and offer solutions to lower your energy use and costs. Trained energy auditors know what to look for and can locate a variety of flaws that may be resulting in energy inefficiency, including inadequate insulation, construction flaws, and uneven heat distribution.
There are quicker and less costly measures that can be taken as well. One way to save money is to replace incandescent lights with fluorescents. This can result in a savings of more than 50% on your monthly lighting costs.
When it's time to replace old appliances, it's wise to spend a bit more for an energy-efficient model, and be sure that you are taking advantage of energy-saving settings already on your current refrigerator, dishwasher, washing machine, or dryer.
Windows provide another opportunity to cut your energy costs. Caulk old windows that might be leaky to prevent drafts, and choose double-paned windows if you're building an addition or replacing old windows.
Most areas of your home or apartment offer opportunities to save energy and money. The results are significant and are well worth the effort.
Which two main organizational schemes can be identified in this passage?
The word "principal'' in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______________.
Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.
A certain relationship cannot exist without communication. A healthy relationship does not exist without effective communication. (26) ______________effective communication we create the characteristics of healthy relationships, such as trust, openness, and intimacy. We need effective communication to resolve conflicts, solve problems, and make decisions that contribute to the strength of a relationship. While patterns of communication may vary according to our personal style and family and cultural background, being able to (27) ______________our values, opinions, feelings, and dreams is important in any meaningful relationship. Everything we know about ourselves and others can only be processed through some form of communication. Effective communication is a shared responsibility that involves both sending and receiving messages. Strategies for effective communication involve verbal skills, active listening, and the ability to resolve problems or issues.
Communication in relationships is one of the most (28) ______________and strategic activities of human beings. It often takes place at an emotional level as we disclose our likes and dislikes, our opinions and suggestions, and our wants and needs. This intimate form of communication is best done face to face when each person is able to use the full range of verbal and non¬verbal nuances of communication (29) ______________ a message is delivered clearly and received without misunderstandings. We traditionally establish our communication skills by observing and imitating others around us. It is, therefore, important to (30) ______________students with many opportunities to practise effective communication strategies.
The oxygen in (A) the air we (B) breathe has no (C) tasted, smell, (D) or color.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Customer: "Can I try this shirt on?"
Salesgirl:" ______________"
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Mark t letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
He can always bank______________his sister to give him useful advice.
