What field is NOT mentioned in the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 41 to 47.

Alaska is disappearing slowly, but surely. It is estimated that since the 1950s, as much as fifteen percent of Alaska's land area has disappeared. How can a whole state be disappearing? The problem is that Alaska's glaciers are melting. The state has more than 100,000 glaciers. These glaciers account for about 75,000 square kilometers, or five percent, of the state's area. That is an area of land larger than Ireland!

According to a recent report by the US Geological Survey, ninety-nine percent of Alaska's glaciers are either retreating or diminishing. This diminishing seems mainly due to the increase in global temperatures. Since the 1960s, the average year-round temperature has increased by almost 3° C.

Additionally, the average winter temperature has increased by over 6° C.

Presently, an estimated 100 cubic kilometers of ice is disappearing from Alaskan glaciers every year. It maybe even more in the near future, as some scientists predict that the average world temperature could go up 4 to 7°C by the year 2100.

Another problem facing Alaska is its thawing permafrost. Much of the land in Alaska used to be permanently frozen or frozen for most of the year. Now, the thawing permafrost is causing a number of problems for people living in Alaska. Roads and utility poles are collapsing as the ground around and under them warms and softens. Also, the hard permafrost that originally prevented beaches from eroding during violent storms is now melting. People who live along Alaska's coasts are being forced to relocate. For villages on small low islands, one terrible storm could wipe out the entire community.

The melting permafrost and increasing temperatures are both affecting the forests of Alaska. As the permafrost under the forests melts, insects that normally do not turn up until the warmer seasons are appearing sooner. The spruce-bark beetle, for example, is increasing in numbers as a result of warmer winter temperatures. It usually takes about two years for these beetles to grow and reproduce in very cold weather. However, due to the increase in temperatures, spruce-bark beetles are reproducing faster and damaging as many trees in one year as they previously damaged in two. If something cannot be done to change things, Alaska's forests will not survive the turn of the century.

Some scientists believe that human activity is linked to a global increase in weather temperature.

Whatever the cause of rising temperatures may be, the fact remains that temperatures are warming, affecting Alaska for the worse. Horribly, this could be a preview of what will happen to the rest of the world in the next century.

What should be the best title for the passage?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Many herbicides and pesticides take a long time to degrade and build up in the soils or throughout the food chain.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 32 to 36.

The world business and trade have become much faster, easier and more reliable because of the development and improvement of technology. You can now do business with a person who is very far from you without any difficulties. It has become easier to book railway tickets, bus tickets and even flights at the comfort of your home without having to move. Also it has become easy to advertise through the Internet and thereby promoting the business in a faster way.

The introduction of ATMs has made it very possible to withdraw money at any time of the day.

Banks now fill data in the computer instead of doing it manually as they used to do in the old days. This makes it easier to find the name of the customer, address, email address, birth date, phone numbers and even the location. Also the clients can get a very quick access at their account balances by logging in to the bank's website. With the rise of computer technology, credit cards and other plastic money, it is very useful especially when one does not have cash at hand or when one is ordering online products.

Communication between partners has been made easier, for example, the internet has brought email and chatting facilities. Instead of sending letters to respective destinations, it is very easy to send an email to many people at the same time.

What is the writer's main aim in writing the text?

Why are the forests in Alaska being destroyed?

“Will you do me a favour?” - Diana “                  ”

What is the main idea of this reading?

We expect Linh             to the airport late as the plane will take off in 15 minutes.

What do some scientists predict?

He started computer programming as soon as he left school.

“Don’t forget to submit your assignments by Thursday,” said the teacher to the students.

Each ethnic group has its own cultural identities, thus, the Vietnamese culture has both            and unity.

Normally, which is true regarding permafrost?

She helped us a lot with our project. We couldn't continue without her.

For (A) such a demanding job, you (B) will need (C) qualifications, soft skills, (D) having full commitment.

What does the writer say about email?