Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on you answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

The Urban Gardener

     Cities are home to skyscrapers and apartment buildings, and it's rare to find wide, open spaces within them. With limited space for parks and gardens, architects and city planners often find it challenging to incorporate greenery into neighbourhoods. 

     One creative solution is to grow plants on unused areas like walls or rooftops. It's a popular idea, and now rooftop gardens and green walls have been spouting up in cities around the world. There are many benefits to having green spaces to the urban landscape. Adding gardens to rooftops or walls can create a pleasant environment - what was once a grey cement wall can become a colourful, blooming garden. The CaxiaForum art gallery in Madrid, Spain, is a famous example - one of its walls is covered with 15,000 plants from over 250 different species. 

     In other cities, green walls are being used more functionally, to cover up construction sites and empty buildings and to prominently decorate the lobbies of office buildings. Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also keep cities cooler in the summer. Buildings and roads absorb the sun's heat and hold it, causing a building or neighbourhood to stay warmer longer. Plants, on the other hand, provide an enormous amount of shade. There is evidence that growing a roof or wall garden can lower a building's energy costs. Many cities offer tax discounts to businesses with these features. In Ne City, public schools plant rooftop gardens that can reduce heating and cooling costs.

     In addition to saving the school money, teachers and parents love the gardens because of their educational value - it's a fun and healthy way for their kids to investigate the world around them. “For the children, it's exciting when you grow something edible," said Lauren Fontana, principal of a New York public school. 

     These green spaces are also used to grow food. In recent years, rooftop gardens have slowly been included in the "local food movement". This is based on the concept that locally grown food reduces pollution since it does not have to be transported far. Vegetables are being grown in rooftop gardens by schools, churches, neighbourhoods and even restaurants. Chef Rick Bayless serves “Rooftop S his restaurant in Chicago, USA, using only ingredients grown in his rooftop garden. Rooftop gardens and green walls may require a bit more effort to grow and maintain. However, hard work always brings rewards, and with green spaces, the rewards are plentiful.

What is this passage mainly about?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions.

Poverty in many African countries increases the likelihood that people poach animals to earn their living.

For environment safety, we need to find ways to reduce emission of fumes and smoke of factory.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

She is a down-to-earth woman with no pretensions.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on you answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

     Jean spent her first few years in Hooper and her family moved to Otsego early in her life. She was only ten when her father died unexpectedly, leaving her mother to raise and support their family alone. Her mother soon went to work outside the home to provide for the family, and Jean, being one of the oldest, had to help care for her younger siblings. Although she had much responsibility at home, Jean thoroughly enjoyed school and was an excellent student. She went on to graduate 10th in her class at Otsego High School in 1953. While still in high school, Jean met a young man named Charles "Chuck" Holly, at a dance in Alamo; and they were quite taken with each other. 

     Over the next few years, their love for each other blossomed and they were married on February 24, 1953, while Jean was still in school. At the time, Chuck was serving his country in the military, and had come home on leave to marry his sweetheart. Unfortunately, shortly thereafter, he was sent overseas to serve in Korea for the next fifteen months. 

     Upon his discharge, the couple settled into married life together in the Plainwell, Otsego area. To help make ends meet, Jean went to work at the collection bureau in Kalamazoo for a while, before taking a job at the cheese company in Otsego. In 1964, Chuck and Jean were overjoyed with the birth of their son, Chuck, who brought great joy into their lives. Jean remembered how her mother was always gone so much working after her father died and she did not want that for her son, so she left her job to devote herself to the role of a mother.

 After Jean's father passed away, her mother used to ________.

These quick and easy _______ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheer to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Last week Mark told me that he got very bored with his present job and is looking for a new one. 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

He will apply for a job _________.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

She is a kind of woman who does not care much of work but generally ________ meals, movies or late nights at a club with her colleagues. 

Everlyne and Jonathan are talking to each other about the consequence of the Covid 19.

Everlyne: "We have all experienced a great deal of disruption."

Johnathan: “_________. Our life and work have been adversely affected."

By the end of this week, I _________ here for ten days