Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42 

      Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, there has been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in regulating the Earth's temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year after year. Thus, drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time.  

     The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow 160,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core and measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particular bit of water became locked in the glacier.  

     The result is a remarkable unbroken record of temperature and of atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the planet, carbon dioxide levels dropped. When the global temperature dropped 9°F (5°C), carbon dioxide levels dropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each ice age ended and the Earth basked in a warm interglacial period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the 160,000 years of that ice record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated between 190 and 280 parts per million, but never rose much higher until the Industrial Revolution beginning in the eighteenth century and continuing today.  

          There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levels and global temperature change goes back much further than the glacial record. Carbon dioxide levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during the Carboniferous period, 360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for a profusion of plant life whose buried remains produced a large fraction of the coal deposits that are being brought to the surface and burned today

The phrase "tantamount to" in line 5 is closest in meaning to_______. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42 

      Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, there has been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in regulating the Earth's temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year after year. Thus, drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time.  

     The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow 160,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core and measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particular bit of water became locked in the glacier.  

     The result is a remarkable unbroken record of temperature and of atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the planet, carbon dioxide levels dropped. When the global temperature dropped 9°F (5°C), carbon dioxide levels dropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each ice age ended and the Earth basked in a warm interglacial period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the 160,000 years of that ice record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated between 190 and 280 parts per million, but never rose much higher until the Industrial Revolution beginning in the eighteenth century and continuing today.  

          There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levels and global temperature change goes back much further than the glacial record. Carbon dioxide levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during the Carboniferous period, 360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for a profusion of plant life whose buried remains produced a large fraction of the coal deposits that are being brought to the surface and burned today

According to the passage, the drilling of the glacier in eastern Antarctica was important because it ________ 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42 

      Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, there has been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in regulating the Earth's temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year after year. Thus, drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time.  

     The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow 160,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core and measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particular bit of water became locked in the glacier.  

     The result is a remarkable unbroken record of temperature and of atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the planet, carbon dioxide levels dropped. When the global temperature dropped 9°F (5°C), carbon dioxide levels dropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each ice age ended and the Earth basked in a warm interglacial period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the 160,000 years of that ice record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated between 190 and 280 parts per million, but never rose much higher until the Industrial Revolution beginning in the eighteenth century and continuing today.  

          There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levels and global temperature change goes back much further than the glacial record. Carbon dioxide levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during the Carboniferous period, 360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for a profusion of plant life whose buried remains produced a large fraction of the coal deposits that are being brought to the surface and burned today

Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34 

     As computer use becomes more common, the need for security is more common than ever. One of the greatest security threats in the online world is computer hacking.  

     Computer hacking is the unauthorized access to a computer or network of computers. Hackers are people who illegally enter systems. They may alter or delete information, steal private information, or spread viruses that can damage or destroy files. But how exactly can a hacker get into a system to do these things?  

     Most hackers use information called protocols that are built into computer software. These protocols allow computer to interact with one another. Protocols are sort of like computer police officers. When a computer connects to another system, the protocols check to see if the access is valid. The protocols can also determine how much information can be shared between the two systems. Hackers can manipulate the protocols to get unlimited access to a computer system. 

     In fact, just the act of entering a computer network is considered hacking. This is commonly called passive hacking. Passive hackers get a rush from just being able to access a challenging system like a bank or military network. Another kind of hacker tries to do damage to a system. After hacking into systems, these hackers release viruses or alter, delete, or take information. Known as active hackers, they are, by far, the more dangerous of the two.  

          The easiest way to protect a system is with a good password. Long and unusual passwords are harder for hackers to guess. For even greater security, some online services now use “password-plus” systems. In this case, users first put in a password and then put in a second code that changes after the user accesses the site. Users either have special cards or devices that show them the new code to use the next time. Even if a hacker steals the password, they won’t have the code. Or if the hacker somehow gets the code, they still don’t know the password

What does “plus” in “password-plus” probably mean?  

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34 

     As computer use becomes more common, the need for security is more common than ever. One of the greatest security threats in the online world is computer hacking.  

     Computer hacking is the unauthorized access to a computer or network of computers. Hackers are people who illegally enter systems. They may alter or delete information, steal private information, or spread viruses that can damage or destroy files. But how exactly can a hacker get into a system to do these things?  

     Most hackers use information called protocols that are built into computer software. These protocols allow computer to interact with one another. Protocols are sort of like computer police officers. When a computer connects to another system, the protocols check to see if the access is valid. The protocols can also determine how much information can be shared between the two systems. Hackers can manipulate the protocols to get unlimited access to a computer system. 

     In fact, just the act of entering a computer network is considered hacking. This is commonly called passive hacking. Passive hackers get a rush from just being able to access a challenging system like a bank or military network. Another kind of hacker tries to do damage to a system. After hacking into systems, these hackers release viruses or alter, delete, or take information. Known as active hackers, they are, by far, the more dangerous of the two.  

          The easiest way to protect a system is with a good password. Long and unusual passwords are harder for hackers to guess. For even greater security, some online services now use “password-plus” systems. In this case, users first put in a password and then put in a second code that changes after the user accesses the site. Users either have special cards or devices that show them the new code to use the next time. Even if a hacker steals the password, they won’t have the code. Or if the hacker somehow gets the code, they still don’t know the password

Why are active hackers probably considered more dangerous than passive ones?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34 

     As computer use becomes more common, the need for security is more common than ever. One of the greatest security threats in the online world is computer hacking.  

     Computer hacking is the unauthorized access to a computer or network of computers. Hackers are people who illegally enter systems. They may alter or delete information, steal private information, or spread viruses that can damage or destroy files. But how exactly can a hacker get into a system to do these things?  

     Most hackers use information called protocols that are built into computer software. These protocols allow computer to interact with one another. Protocols are sort of like computer police officers. When a computer connects to another system, the protocols check to see if the access is valid. The protocols can also determine how much information can be shared between the two systems. Hackers can manipulate the protocols to get unlimited access to a computer system. 

     In fact, just the act of entering a computer network is considered hacking. This is commonly called passive hacking. Passive hackers get a rush from just being able to access a challenging system like a bank or military network. Another kind of hacker tries to do damage to a system. After hacking into systems, these hackers release viruses or alter, delete, or take information. Known as active hackers, they are, by far, the more dangerous of the two.  

          The easiest way to protect a system is with a good password. Long and unusual passwords are harder for hackers to guess. For even greater security, some online services now use “password-plus” systems. In this case, users first put in a password and then put in a second code that changes after the user accesses the site. Users either have special cards or devices that show them the new code to use the next time. Even if a hacker steals the password, they won’t have the code. Or if the hacker somehow gets the code, they still don’t know the password

What is not considered hacking?  

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34 

     As computer use becomes more common, the need for security is more common than ever. One of the greatest security threats in the online world is computer hacking.  

     Computer hacking is the unauthorized access to a computer or network of computers. Hackers are people who illegally enter systems. They may alter or delete information, steal private information, or spread viruses that can damage or destroy files. But how exactly can a hacker get into a system to do these things?  

     Most hackers use information called protocols that are built into computer software. These protocols allow computer to interact with one another. Protocols are sort of like computer police officers. When a computer connects to another system, the protocols check to see if the access is valid. The protocols can also determine how much information can be shared between the two systems. Hackers can manipulate the protocols to get unlimited access to a computer system. 

     In fact, just the act of entering a computer network is considered hacking. This is commonly called passive hacking. Passive hackers get a rush from just being able to access a challenging system like a bank or military network. Another kind of hacker tries to do damage to a system. After hacking into systems, these hackers release viruses or alter, delete, or take information. Known as active hackers, they are, by far, the more dangerous of the two.  

          The easiest way to protect a system is with a good password. Long and unusual passwords are harder for hackers to guess. For even greater security, some online services now use “password-plus” systems. In this case, users first put in a password and then put in a second code that changes after the user accesses the site. Users either have special cards or devices that show them the new code to use the next time. Even if a hacker steals the password, they won’t have the code. Or if the hacker somehow gets the code, they still don’t know the password

What do hackers do to get into a computer?  

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34 

     As computer use becomes more common, the need for security is more common than ever. One of the greatest security threats in the online world is computer hacking.  

     Computer hacking is the unauthorized access to a computer or network of computers. Hackers are people who illegally enter systems. They may alter or delete information, steal private information, or spread viruses that can damage or destroy files. But how exactly can a hacker get into a system to do these things?  

     Most hackers use information called protocols that are built into computer software. These protocols allow computer to interact with one another. Protocols are sort of like computer police officers. When a computer connects to another system, the protocols check to see if the access is valid. The protocols can also determine how much information can be shared between the two systems. Hackers can manipulate the protocols to get unlimited access to a computer system. 

     In fact, just the act of entering a computer network is considered hacking. This is commonly called passive hacking. Passive hackers get a rush from just being able to access a challenging system like a bank or military network. Another kind of hacker tries to do damage to a system. After hacking into systems, these hackers release viruses or alter, delete, or take information. Known as active hackers, they are, by far, the more dangerous of the two.  

          The easiest way to protect a system is with a good password. Long and unusual passwords are harder for hackers to guess. For even greater security, some online services now use “password-plus” systems. In this case, users first put in a password and then put in a second code that changes after the user accesses the site. Users either have special cards or devices that show them the new code to use the next time. Even if a hacker steals the password, they won’t have the code. Or if the hacker somehow gets the code, they still don’t know the password

What is the main idea of this reading?  

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29 

     Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc has delivered Vietnam’s strong message, aspiration, and determination to become a “country of renovation and creativity” and an economy with globally extensive (25) _______ when engaging in every activity of the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2019 in Davos, Switzerland. 

     He participated in 37 activities where he and heads of State and Government leaders of 50 countries and executives from (26) _______ groups around the globe discussed and dialogued matters relating to the forum’s theme “Globalization 4.0: Shaping a Global Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution”. 

     Prime Minister Phuc said the Fourth Industrial Revolution is “knocking” on every enterprise and bringing profound changes that no country can be an outsider, and (27) ______ Vietnam’s wish to become one of the passengers at the (28) ________ of the Industry 4.0 train, and enthusiastically work with other countries to build a wealthy world.  

          In Davos, PM Phuc and WEF President Borge Brende had a dialogue themed “Vietnam and the World”, which is the first-ever event on Vietnam held by the WEF. Through the dialogue, PM Phuc conveyed strong messages about Vietnam’s development and international integration, asserting that (29) _______ the current circumstance, Vietnam has maintained an economic growth and socio-political stability that demonstrates itself a reliable destination for foreign investors coming to do business

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29 

     Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc has delivered Vietnam’s strong message, aspiration, and determination to become a “country of renovation and creativity” and an economy with globally extensive (25) _______ when engaging in every activity of the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2019 in Davos, Switzerland. 

     He participated in 37 activities where he and heads of State and Government leaders of 50 countries and executives from (26) _______ groups around the globe discussed and dialogued matters relating to the forum’s theme “Globalization 4.0: Shaping a Global Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution”. 

     Prime Minister Phuc said the Fourth Industrial Revolution is “knocking” on every enterprise and bringing profound changes that no country can be an outsider, and (27) ______ Vietnam’s wish to become one of the passengers at the (28) ________ of the Industry 4.0 train, and enthusiastically work with other countries to build a wealthy world.  

          In Davos, PM Phuc and WEF President Borge Brende had a dialogue themed “Vietnam and the World”, which is the first-ever event on Vietnam held by the WEF. Through the dialogue, PM Phuc conveyed strong messages about Vietnam’s development and international integration, asserting that (29) _______ the current circumstance, Vietnam has maintained an economic growth and socio-political stability that demonstrates itself a reliable destination for foreign investors coming to do business

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29 

     Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc has delivered Vietnam’s strong message, aspiration, and determination to become a “country of renovation and creativity” and an economy with globally extensive (25) _______ when engaging in every activity of the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2019 in Davos, Switzerland. 

     He participated in 37 activities where he and heads of State and Government leaders of 50 countries and executives from (26) _______ groups around the globe discussed and dialogued matters relating to the forum’s theme “Globalization 4.0: Shaping a Global Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution”. 

     Prime Minister Phuc said the Fourth Industrial Revolution is “knocking” on every enterprise and bringing profound changes that no country can be an outsider, and (27) ______ Vietnam’s wish to become one of the passengers at the (28) ________ of the Industry 4.0 train, and enthusiastically work with other countries to build a wealthy world.  

          In Davos, PM Phuc and WEF President Borge Brende had a dialogue themed “Vietnam and the World”, which is the first-ever event on Vietnam held by the WEF. Through the dialogue, PM Phuc conveyed strong messages about Vietnam’s development and international integration, asserting that (29) _______ the current circumstance, Vietnam has maintained an economic growth and socio-political stability that demonstrates itself a reliable destination for foreign investors coming to do business

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29 

     Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc has delivered Vietnam’s strong message, aspiration, and determination to become a “country of renovation and creativity” and an economy with globally extensive (25) _______ when engaging in every activity of the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2019 in Davos, Switzerland. 

     He participated in 37 activities where he and heads of State and Government leaders of 50 countries and executives from (26) _______ groups around the globe discussed and dialogued matters relating to the forum’s theme “Globalization 4.0: Shaping a Global Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution”. 

     Prime Minister Phuc said the Fourth Industrial Revolution is “knocking” on every enterprise and bringing profound changes that no country can be an outsider, and (27) ______ Vietnam’s wish to become one of the passengers at the (28) ________ of the Industry 4.0 train, and enthusiastically work with other countries to build a wealthy world.  

          In Davos, PM Phuc and WEF President Borge Brende had a dialogue themed “Vietnam and the World”, which is the first-ever event on Vietnam held by the WEF. Through the dialogue, PM Phuc conveyed strong messages about Vietnam’s development and international integration, asserting that (29) _______ the current circumstance, Vietnam has maintained an economic growth and socio-political stability that demonstrates itself a reliable destination for foreign investors coming to do business

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29 

     Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc has delivered Vietnam’s strong message, aspiration, and determination to become a “country of renovation and creativity” and an economy with globally extensive (25) _______ when engaging in every activity of the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2019 in Davos, Switzerland. 

     He participated in 37 activities where he and heads of State and Government leaders of 50 countries and executives from (26) _______ groups around the globe discussed and dialogued matters relating to the forum’s theme “Globalization 4.0: Shaping a Global Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution”. 

     Prime Minister Phuc said the Fourth Industrial Revolution is “knocking” on every enterprise and bringing profound changes that no country can be an outsider, and (27) ______ Vietnam’s wish to become one of the passengers at the (28) ________ of the Industry 4.0 train, and enthusiastically work with other countries to build a wealthy world.  

          In Davos, PM Phuc and WEF President Borge Brende had a dialogue themed “Vietnam and the World”, which is the first-ever event on Vietnam held by the WEF. Through the dialogue, PM Phuc conveyed strong messages about Vietnam’s development and international integration, asserting that (29) _______ the current circumstance, Vietnam has maintained an economic growth and socio-political stability that demonstrates itself a reliable destination for foreign investors coming to do business

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges

Mick: "What a nice watch you're wearing."  

Olio: " ____________"  

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges

John: "Do you think that we should use public transportation to protect our environment?"  

                   Laura: " _________ "  

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

It is important for a teacher to be totally impartial when determining which students will pass or fail

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

After a grueling and busy week at work, the stillness of the river reminded Lara of the silence she’s been searching for since Monday

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions

She received a light blow on the side of the head close to the right eye

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions

Have you ever tried using hydrogen peroxide as a person to induce vomiting instead of the good old traditional methods? 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

_____ exhibitions are like huge market places of the sale of goods, and these are often called trade fairs

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

_____ your raincoat, it begun to rain

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

______ he was sick, he still turned up for his guitar lesson

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Had they arrived at the sale early, they ______ a better selection

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Professor Wallace has been given a prestigious award in _____ of his pioneering research in treating the AIDS patients

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

There are no problems with Dave. He seems ____ after in a proper way.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Of course, we don’t need this dictionary at present, but in the long ____ it may prove useful

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Stop acting like a child. In a few weeks, you'll be coming of _______ and nobody will tolerate your foolish behavior any longer

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Vietnam welcomes the second US-Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) summit, planned in Hanoi on Feb27-28, and strongly supports dialogues to maintain peace, security and stability _______ the Korean Peninsula

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

The expansion of the natural history museum is most _______ the cause of significant revenue increases

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

The Vietnam men’s national football team has climbed one place from 100th to 99th in the latest FIFA rankings thanks to their excellent results at the Asian Cup 2019, ______ the website Footy Rankings

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

On Sundays, many people take their cars to service stations _______

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

At Lunar New Year (Tet) festival, each ethnic group in Vietnam has its own culinary specialties ______ reflect the culture of their people and are used as offerings to worship their ancestors

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

I was upset to learn that my first opponent would be Sam Muller, who _______ part in tournaments for no less than ten years

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping. We know relatively little about sleep

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

Smoking is an extremely harmful habit. You should give it up immediately

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

Immediately, after his arrival, things went wrong

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

I’m sure Jessica was very upset when you left. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

“I was not there at the time” said he

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

I’d prefer to do it on myself because other people make me nervous

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

Hadn’t you informed of the change in the timetable, I would have rushed to the office yesterday

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

He was so intelligent a student that he could pass the final exam easy

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42 

THE INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON PRICING

     Advertising makes an immense difference in the popularity of a product. Studies have shown that consumers usually pay more for advertised products than non-advertised products. As a result, the marketing and advertising industry is a multibillion-dollar-a-year business. Local commercials can cost as little as several hundred dollars to products, while national companies have been known to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on a single commercial. Interestingly, the source of these expensive commercials is the consumers who view the advertisements from the comfort of their living room. Companies influence the prices that consumers pay in two ways. 

     When consumers purchase any products, they are obviously paying for the cost of manufacturing the product. However, they are also paying for the advertising campaign devised to convince consumers to buy the product. The more costly the advertising campaign, the higher the price paid by consumers. Companies are allowed to set these high prices because consumers have shown that they will continue to pay them. For instance, a multinational chain of coffee shops significantly raised its prices a few years ago, due in no small part to an expensive national advertising campaign. While regular customers noticed and were not fond of the hike, one was quoted as saying, “I doubt it will make an impact [on consumers]. It won’t change my habit.” Indeed, it did not, the company experienced record sales in spite of the fact its prices were higher than its competitors’. 

          Another way advertising tends to affect product pricing is seen in the arena of perceived value to the consumers. The perceived value is the worth that consumers assign to a product. Studies show that often the advertising for a product determines its value more than the quality or necessity of the product itself. One way a company may take advantage of this perceived value is by running commercials during prime time. These ads are usually much more expensive than others. For example, a national commercial that ran during a popular American show cost close to $745,000 to run for thirty seconds. If people watching the show perceive that the product is more valuable simply because it was advertised during prime time, they are often willing to pay higher prices. So, whether it is seen in the cost of the commercials or the advertiser-assigned value, it is obvious that advertising drives product pricing and directly affects consumers

Which of the following can be inferred about pricing and advertising?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42 

THE INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON PRICING

     Advertising makes an immense difference in the popularity of a product. Studies have shown that consumers usually pay more for advertised products than non-advertised products. As a result, the marketing and advertising industry is a multibillion-dollar-a-year business. Local commercials can cost as little as several hundred dollars to products, while national companies have been known to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on a single commercial. Interestingly, the source of these expensive commercials is the consumers who view the advertisements from the comfort of their living room. Companies influence the prices that consumers pay in two ways. 

     When consumers purchase any products, they are obviously paying for the cost of manufacturing the product. However, they are also paying for the advertising campaign devised to convince consumers to buy the product. The more costly the advertising campaign, the higher the price paid by consumers. Companies are allowed to set these high prices because consumers have shown that they will continue to pay them. For instance, a multinational chain of coffee shops significantly raised its prices a few years ago, due in no small part to an expensive national advertising campaign. While regular customers noticed and were not fond of the hike, one was quoted as saying, “I doubt it will make an impact [on consumers]. It won’t change my habit.” Indeed, it did not, the company experienced record sales in spite of the fact its prices were higher than its competitors’. 

          Another way advertising tends to affect product pricing is seen in the arena of perceived value to the consumers. The perceived value is the worth that consumers assign to a product. Studies show that often the advertising for a product determines its value more than the quality or necessity of the product itself. One way a company may take advantage of this perceived value is by running commercials during prime time. These ads are usually much more expensive than others. For example, a national commercial that ran during a popular American show cost close to $745,000 to run for thirty seconds. If people watching the show perceive that the product is more valuable simply because it was advertised during prime time, they are often willing to pay higher prices. So, whether it is seen in the cost of the commercials or the advertiser-assigned value, it is obvious that advertising drives product pricing and directly affects consumers

How do companies determine the price they charge for a product?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42 

THE INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON PRICING

     Advertising makes an immense difference in the popularity of a product. Studies have shown that consumers usually pay more for advertised products than non-advertised products. As a result, the marketing and advertising industry is a multibillion-dollar-a-year business. Local commercials can cost as little as several hundred dollars to products, while national companies have been known to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on a single commercial. Interestingly, the source of these expensive commercials is the consumers who view the advertisements from the comfort of their living room. Companies influence the prices that consumers pay in two ways. 

     When consumers purchase any products, they are obviously paying for the cost of manufacturing the product. However, they are also paying for the advertising campaign devised to convince consumers to buy the product. The more costly the advertising campaign, the higher the price paid by consumers. Companies are allowed to set these high prices because consumers have shown that they will continue to pay them. For instance, a multinational chain of coffee shops significantly raised its prices a few years ago, due in no small part to an expensive national advertising campaign. While regular customers noticed and were not fond of the hike, one was quoted as saying, “I doubt it will make an impact [on consumers]. It won’t change my habit.” Indeed, it did not, the company experienced record sales in spite of the fact its prices were higher than its competitors’. 

          Another way advertising tends to affect product pricing is seen in the arena of perceived value to the consumers. The perceived value is the worth that consumers assign to a product. Studies show that often the advertising for a product determines its value more than the quality or necessity of the product itself. One way a company may take advantage of this perceived value is by running commercials during prime time. These ads are usually much more expensive than others. For example, a national commercial that ran during a popular American show cost close to $745,000 to run for thirty seconds. If people watching the show perceive that the product is more valuable simply because it was advertised during prime time, they are often willing to pay higher prices. So, whether it is seen in the cost of the commercials or the advertiser-assigned value, it is obvious that advertising drives product pricing and directly affects consumers

Which of the following is true about the effect of higher-priced ad campaign?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42 

THE INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON PRICING

     Advertising makes an immense difference in the popularity of a product. Studies have shown that consumers usually pay more for advertised products than non-advertised products. As a result, the marketing and advertising industry is a multibillion-dollar-a-year business. Local commercials can cost as little as several hundred dollars to products, while national companies have been known to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on a single commercial. Interestingly, the source of these expensive commercials is the consumers who view the advertisements from the comfort of their living room. Companies influence the prices that consumers pay in two ways. 

     When consumers purchase any products, they are obviously paying for the cost of manufacturing the product. However, they are also paying for the advertising campaign devised to convince consumers to buy the product. The more costly the advertising campaign, the higher the price paid by consumers. Companies are allowed to set these high prices because consumers have shown that they will continue to pay them. For instance, a multinational chain of coffee shops significantly raised its prices a few years ago, due in no small part to an expensive national advertising campaign. While regular customers noticed and were not fond of the hike, one was quoted as saying, “I doubt it will make an impact [on consumers]. It won’t change my habit.” Indeed, it did not, the company experienced record sales in spite of the fact its prices were higher than its competitors’. 

          Another way advertising tends to affect product pricing is seen in the arena of perceived value to the consumers. The perceived value is the worth that consumers assign to a product. Studies show that often the advertising for a product determines its value more than the quality or necessity of the product itself. One way a company may take advantage of this perceived value is by running commercials during prime time. These ads are usually much more expensive than others. For example, a national commercial that ran during a popular American show cost close to $745,000 to run for thirty seconds. If people watching the show perceive that the product is more valuable simply because it was advertised during prime time, they are often willing to pay higher prices. So, whether it is seen in the cost of the commercials or the advertiser-assigned value, it is obvious that advertising drives product pricing and directly affects consumers

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the coffee chain’s price increase

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42 

THE INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON PRICING

     Advertising makes an immense difference in the popularity of a product. Studies have shown that consumers usually pay more for advertised products than non-advertised products. As a result, the marketing and advertising industry is a multibillion-dollar-a-year business. Local commercials can cost as little as several hundred dollars to products, while national companies have been known to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on a single commercial. Interestingly, the source of these expensive commercials is the consumers who view the advertisements from the comfort of their living room. Companies influence the prices that consumers pay in two ways. 

     When consumers purchase any products, they are obviously paying for the cost of manufacturing the product. However, they are also paying for the advertising campaign devised to convince consumers to buy the product. The more costly the advertising campaign, the higher the price paid by consumers. Companies are allowed to set these high prices because consumers have shown that they will continue to pay them. For instance, a multinational chain of coffee shops significantly raised its prices a few years ago, due in no small part to an expensive national advertising campaign. While regular customers noticed and were not fond of the hike, one was quoted as saying, “I doubt it will make an impact [on consumers]. It won’t change my habit.” Indeed, it did not, the company experienced record sales in spite of the fact its prices were higher than its competitors’. 

          Another way advertising tends to affect product pricing is seen in the arena of perceived value to the consumers. The perceived value is the worth that consumers assign to a product. Studies show that often the advertising for a product determines its value more than the quality or necessity of the product itself. One way a company may take advantage of this perceived value is by running commercials during prime time. These ads are usually much more expensive than others. For example, a national commercial that ran during a popular American show cost close to $745,000 to run for thirty seconds. If people watching the show perceive that the product is more valuable simply because it was advertised during prime time, they are often willing to pay higher prices. So, whether it is seen in the cost of the commercials or the advertiser-assigned value, it is obvious that advertising drives product pricing and directly affects consumers

Which of the following can the inferred from paragraph 3?