Kỳ thi thử thpt quốc gia lần 1 năm 2019 môn Tiếng Anh cực hay có lời giải
Kỳ thi thử thpt quốc gia lần 1 năm 2019 môn Tiếng Anh cực hay có lời giải(Đề 27)
-
30367 lượt thi
-
50 câu hỏi
-
50 phút
Danh sách câu hỏi
Câu 1:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Đáp án B
off /ɔf/
of /ʌv/
safe /seɪf/
knife /naɪf/
Câu 2:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Đáp án C
sacred /ˈseɪkrəd/
decided/ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/
cooked /kʊkt/
contaminated /kənˈtæməˌneɪtəd/
Câu 3:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Đáp án A
humanitarian /ˌhjuˌmænəˈtɛriən/
durability /dərəˈbɪlɪti/
individual /ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl/
economical /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl/
Câu 4:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Đáp án D
achievement /əˈʧivmənt/
machinery /məˈʃinəri/
apparent /əˈpɛrənt/
interfere /ˌɪntərˈfɪr/
Câu 5:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Often the bottom of a pan or skillet becomes black when it is placed among a fire .
Đáp án C
Câu 6:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
My grandfather had been looking for his newspaper for almost half an hour until finally he found it lying on his bed.
Đáp án D
Lying => was lying
Câu 7:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Farm animals have been regardless by nearly all societies as a valuable economic resource
Đáp án B
Regardless => regarded
Câu 8:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Neither Tom nor his brothers ______ willing to help their mother with the housework.
Đáp án C
Neither… nor… chia động theo vế sau “nor”
Câu 9:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
“Never say that again, _______?”
Đáp án D
Câu 10:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Do you know the person _______ next to you in the evening class?
Đáp án D
Câu 11:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Tony Blair is believed ________ for Liverpool last week.
Đáp án B
Câu 12:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Not until a monkey is several years old _______ to exhibit sign of independence from its mother.
Đáp án B
Câu 13:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
_______ is increasing, which results from economic crisis.
Đáp án C
Câu 14:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Dogs make very _______ pets. They’ll always stay by your side
Đáp án A
Loyal: trung thành
Private: riêng tư
Mental: trí tuệ
Digital: con số
Câu 15:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
House prices ________ greatly from one area to the next.
Đáp án B
Contrast: tương phản
Vary: thay đổi
Differentiate, distinguish: phân biệt
Câu 16:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
I can’t _______ of a word he is saying.
Đáp án D
Understand of sth: hiểu, biết về cái gì
Câu 17:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The number of people traveling by air has been growing _______.
Đáp án A
By/in leaps and bounds: tiến bộ nhanh
From time to time: thỉnh thoảng
By hook or by crook: bằng bất cứ cách nào
Câu 18:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The boss told the workers that he would try his best to continue running the company and promised not to _______ any employees during the economic recession.
Đáp án C
Cross out: gạch bỏ
Shut down: tắt máy
Lay off: không thuê ai nữa vì không có việc cho người đó làm
Take over: bắt đầu làm việc
Câu 19:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
After her illness, Lam had to work hard to _______ his classmates
Đáp án B
A. Bắt lấy ánh mắt
B. Theo kịp, bắt kịp
C. Giữ liên lạc với
D. Được sự cho phép
Câu 20:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Jane: "It's going to rain."
Mary: "___________"
Đáp án A
A. Tôi hy vọng không phải như vậy
B. Tôi không hy vọng
C. Tôi không hy vọng như vậy
D. Tôi hy vọng không
Câu 21:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
"Our team has just won the last football match." - "______"
Đáp án C
A. Ý tưởng hay. Cảm ơn
B. Vâng. Tôi đoán nó rất tốt
C. Vâng, thật ngạc nhiên!
D. Vâng, đó là niềm vinh dự của chúng tôi
Câu 22:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in the following questions.
The whole village was wiped out in the bombing raids.
Đáp án C
A. thay đổi hoàn toàn
B. làm sạch tốt
C. bị phá hủy hoàn toàn
D. loại bỏ nhanh chóng
Câu 23:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in the following questions.
Roget’s Thesaurus, a collection of English words and phrases, was originally arranged by the ideas they express rather than by alphabetical order
Đáp án B
A. cũng như
B. thay vì
C. bị hạn chế
D. trừ khi
Câu 24:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Dr. Jones suggested that final examinations should be discontinued, an innovation I heartily support.
Đáp án B
A. Xóa bỏ
B. Giữ
C. Dừng lại
D. Thay đổi
Câu 25:
Choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
He luckily inherited a lucrative business from his father
Đáp án A
A. Không sinh lời
B. Mất
C. Giàu có
D. Sinh lời
Câu 26:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
“What are you going to do with such a long list of books, Dane?” asked Sarah
Đáp án B
"Bạn sẽ làm gì với một danh sách dài như vậy, Dane?" Sarah hỏi
A. Sarah đã tò mò tại sao Dane có một danh sách dài các cuốn sách
B. Sarah hỏi Dane rằng anh ta sẽ làm gì với một danh sách dài các cuốn sách
C. Sarah không thể hiểu tại sao Dane lại mượn một danh sách dài như vậy
D. Sarah cảnh báo Dane không mượn một danh sách dài các cuốn sách
Câu 27:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
When I picked up my book I found that the cover had been torn
Đáp án A
Câu 28:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
The Internet has enabled most people to get contact in a matter of moments.
Đáp án C
Câu 29:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
The teacher has done his best to help all students. However, none of them made any effort on their part.
Đáp án B
Câu 30:
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
“Finish your work. And then you can go home.”
Đáp án A
"Hoàn thành công việc của bạn. Và sau đó bạn có thể về nhà.”
A. "Bạn không thể về nhà cho đến khi bạn hoàn thành công việc của mình."
B. "Bạn hoàn thành công việc của bạn để về nhà càng sớm càng tốt."
C. "Khi bạn về nhà, hoàn thành công việc của bạn sau đó."
D. "Bởi vì bạn đã hoàn thành công việc của bạn, bạn có thể về nhà."
Câu 31:
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the following blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 31
Bonfire Night is (31)______ all over Britain on November 5th. The festival dates from 1605 when a man called Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament. He was caught and hanged, (32)______ the other conspirators.
Preparations for Bonfire Night usually start weeks before the event itself .Children go from house to house (33)_______ old furniture, newspapers and anything else which will burn for their bonfires. They make a “guy”, a figure which (34)______ Guy Fawkes, from an old sack and wheel it round the streets asking for money which they use to buy fireworks.
On the day itself, as soon as it is dark, the guy is put on top of bonfire, which is then lit. Fireworks are set off and everyone enjoys the display as they stand round the fire (35)______ warm and eating baked potatoes and hot dogs.
Đáp án A
Câu 32:
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the following blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 32
Bonfire Night is (31)______ all over Britain on November 5th. The festival dates from 1605 when a man called Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament. He was caught and hanged, (32)______ the other conspirators.
Preparations for Bonfire Night usually start weeks before the event itself .Children go from house to house (33)_______ old furniture, newspapers and anything else which will burn for their bonfires. They make a “guy”, a figure which (34)______ Guy Fawkes, from an old sack and wheel it round the streets asking for money which they use to buy fireworks.
On the day itself, as soon as it is dark, the guy is put on top of bonfire, which is then lit. Fireworks are set off and everyone enjoys the display as they stand round the fire (35)______ warm and eating baked potatoes and hot dogs.
Đáp án D
A. Liên quan tới
B. Cùng
C. Ở bên ai đó
D. Cùng với ai đó
Câu 33:
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the following blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 33
Bonfire Night is (31)______ all over Britain on November 5th. The festival dates from 1605 when a man called Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament. He was caught and hanged, (32)______ the other conspirators.
Preparations for Bonfire Night usually start weeks before the event itself .Children go from house to house (33)_______ old furniture, newspapers and anything else which will burn for their bonfires. They make a “guy”, a figure which (34)______ Guy Fawkes, from an old sack and wheel it round the streets asking for money which they use to buy fireworks.
On the day itself, as soon as it is dark, the guy is put on top of bonfire, which is then lit. Fireworks are set off and everyone enjoys the display as they stand round the fire (35)______ warm and eating baked potatoes and hot dogs.
Đáp án B
Câu 34:
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the following blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 34
Bonfire Night is (31)______ all over Britain on November 5th. The festival dates from 1605 when a man called Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament. He was caught and hanged, (32)______ the other conspirators.
Preparations for Bonfire Night usually start weeks before the event itself .Children go from house to house (33)_______ old furniture, newspapers and anything else which will burn for their bonfires. They make a “guy”, a figure which (34)______ Guy Fawkes, from an old sack and wheel it round the streets asking for money which they use to buy fireworks.
On the day itself, as soon as it is dark, the guy is put on top of bonfire, which is then lit. Fireworks are set off and everyone enjoys the display as they stand round the fire (35)______ warm and eating baked potatoes and hot dogs.
Đáp án D
Câu 35:
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the following blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 35
Bonfire Night is (31)______ all over Britain on November 5th. The festival dates from 1605 when a man called Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament. He was caught and hanged, (32)______ the other conspirators.
Preparations for Bonfire Night usually start weeks before the event itself .Children go from house to house (33)_______ old furniture, newspapers and anything else which will burn for their bonfires. They make a “guy”, a figure which (34)______ Guy Fawkes, from an old sack and wheel it round the streets asking for money which they use to buy fireworks.
On the day itself, as soon as it is dark, the guy is put on top of bonfire, which is then lit. Fireworks are set off and everyone enjoys the display as they stand round the fire (35)______ warm and eating baked potatoes and hot dogs.
Đáp án A
Câu 36:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Ranked as the number one beverage consumed worldwide, tea takes the lead over coffee in both popularity and production with more than 5 million tons of tea produced annually. Although much of this tea is consumed in Asian, European and African countries, the United States drinks its fair share. According to estimates by the Tea Council of the United States, tea is enjoyed by no less than half of the U.S. population on any given day. Black tea or green tea - iced, spiced, or instant - tea drinking has spurred a billion-dollar business with major tea producers in Africa and South America and throughout Asia.
Tea is made from the leaves of an evergreen plant, Camellia sinensis, which grows tall and lush in tropical regions. On tea plantations, the plant is kept trimmed to approximately four feet high and as new buds called flush appear, they are plucked off by hand. Even in today’s world of modern agricultural machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method. Ideally, only the top two leaves and a bud should be pickeb. This new growth produces the highest quality tea.
After being harvested, tea leaves are laid out on long drying racks, called withering racks, for 18 to 20 hours. Next, depending on the type of tea being produced, the leaves may be crushed or chopped to release flavor, and then fermented under controlled conditions of heat and humidity. For green tea, the whole leaves are often steamed to retain their green color, and the fermentation process is skipped. Producing black teas requires fermentation during which the tea leaves begin to darken. After fermentation, black tea is dried in vats to produce its rich brown or black color.
No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has it that tea as a beverage, was discovered in 2737 B. C. by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from a Camellia dropped into his drinking water as it was boiling over a fire. As the story goes, Emperor Shen Nung drank the resulting liquid and proclaimed the drink to be most nourishing and refreshing. Though this account cannot be documented, it is thought that tea drinking probably originated in China and spread to other parts of Asia, then to Europe, and ultimately to America colonies around 1650.
With about half the caffeine content as coffee, tea is often chosen by those who want to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate their caffeine intake. Some people find that tea is less acidic than coffee and therefore easier on the stomach. Others have become interested in tea drinking since the National Cancer Institute published its findings on the antioxidant properties of tea. But whether tea is enjoyed for its perceived health benefits, its flavor, or as a social drink, teacups continue to be filled daily with the world’s most popular beverage.
Why does the author include statistics on the amount of tea produced, sold and consumed?
Đáp án C
Tại sao tác giả đã viết số liệu thống kê về lượng trà được sản xuất, bán và tiêu thụ?
A. Để thể hiện chi phí chế biến một lượng lớn trà như vậy.
B. Để giải thích tại sao cà phê không phải là thức uống phổ biến nhất trên toàn thế giới
C. Để chứng minh sự nổi tiếng của trà.
D. Để gây ấn tượng với người đọc với thông tin âm thanh thực tế
Câu 37:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Ranked as the number one beverage consumed worldwide, tea takes the lead over coffee in both popularity and production with more than 5 million tons of tea produced annually. Although much of this tea is consumed in Asian, European and African countries, the United States drinks its fair share. According to estimates by the Tea Council of the United States, tea is enjoyed by no less than half of the U.S. population on any given day. Black tea or green tea - iced, spiced, or instant - tea drinking has spurred a billion-dollar business with major tea producers in Africa and South America and throughout Asia.
Tea is made from the leaves of an evergreen plant, Camellia sinensis, which grows tall and lush in tropical regions. On tea plantations, the plant is kept trimmed to approximately four feet high and as new buds called flush appear, they are plucked off by hand. Even in today’s world of modern agricultural machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method. Ideally, only the top two leaves and a bud should be pickeb. This new growth produces the highest quality tea.
After being harvested, tea leaves are laid out on long drying racks, called withering racks, for 18 to 20 hours. Next, depending on the type of tea being produced, the leaves may be crushed or chopped to release flavor, and then fermented under controlled conditions of heat and humidity. For green tea, the whole leaves are often steamed to retain their green color, and the fermentation process is skipped. Producing black teas requires fermentation during which the tea leaves begin to darken. After fermentation, black tea is dried in vats to produce its rich brown or black color.
No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has it that tea as a beverage, was discovered in 2737 B. C. by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from a Camellia dropped into his drinking water as it was boiling over a fire. As the story goes, Emperor Shen Nung drank the resulting liquid and proclaimed the drink to be most nourishing and refreshing. Though this account cannot be documented, it is thought that tea drinking probably originated in China and spread to other parts of Asia, then to Europe, and ultimately to America colonies around 1650.
With about half the caffeine content as coffee, tea is often chosen by those who want to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate their caffeine intake. Some people find that tea is less acidic than coffee and therefore easier on the stomach. Others have become interested in tea drinking since the National Cancer Institute published its findings on the antioxidant properties of tea. But whether tea is enjoyed for its perceived health benefits, its flavor, or as a social drink, teacups continue to be filled daily with the world’s most popular beverage.
Based on the passage, what is implied about tea harvesting?
Đáp án C
Điều gì được nói tới về việc thu hoạch chè?
Even in today’s world of modern agricultural machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method.
A. Nó hoàn toàn được thực hiện với sự hỗ trợ của máy móc nông nghiệp hiện đại
B. Nó không còn được thực hiện ở Trung Quốc
C. Phương pháp này vẫn gần như giống nhau trong một thời gian dài
D. Phương pháp này bao gồm cắt tỉa các nhánh trên cùng của cây
Câu 38:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Ranked as the number one beverage consumed worldwide, tea takes the lead over coffee in both popularity and production with more than 5 million tons of tea produced annually. Although much of this tea is consumed in Asian, European and African countries, the United States drinks its fair share. According to estimates by the Tea Council of the United States, tea is enjoyed by no less than half of the U.S. population on any given day. Black tea or green tea - iced, spiced, or instant - tea drinking has spurred a billion-dollar business with major tea producers in Africa and South America and throughout Asia.
Tea is made from the leaves of an evergreen plant, Camellia sinensis, which grows tall and lush in tropical regions. On tea plantations, the plant is kept trimmed to approximately four feet high and as new buds called flush appear, they are plucked off by hand. Even in today’s world of modern agricultural machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method. Ideally, only the top two leaves and a bud should be pickeb. This new growth produces the highest quality tea.
After being harvested, tea leaves are laid out on long drying racks, called withering racks, for 18 to 20 hours. Next, depending on the type of tea being produced, the leaves may be crushed or chopped to release flavor, and then fermented under controlled conditions of heat and humidity. For green tea, the whole leaves are often steamed to retain their green color, and the fermentation process is skipped. Producing black teas requires fermentation during which the tea leaves begin to darken. After fermentation, black tea is dried in vats to produce its rich brown or black color.
No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has it that tea as a beverage, was discovered in 2737 B. C. by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from a Camellia dropped into his drinking water as it was boiling over a fire. As the story goes, Emperor Shen Nung drank the resulting liquid and proclaimed the drink to be most nourishing and refreshing. Though this account cannot be documented, it is thought that tea drinking probably originated in China and spread to other parts of Asia, then to Europe, and ultimately to America colonies around 1650.
With about half the caffeine content as coffee, tea is often chosen by those who want to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate their caffeine intake. Some people find that tea is less acidic than coffee and therefore easier on the stomach. Others have become interested in tea drinking since the National Cancer Institute published its findings on the antioxidant properties of tea. But whether tea is enjoyed for its perceived health benefits, its flavor, or as a social drink, teacups continue to be filled daily with the world’s most popular beverage.
What does the word “they” in paragraph 2 of the passage refer to?
Đáp án B
Chữ “they” trong đoạn 2 của đoạn văn nói đến điều gì?
A. Người hái chè
B. Nụ mới
C. Cây thường xanh
D. Vùng nhiệt đới
Câu 39:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Ranked as the number one beverage consumed worldwide, tea takes the lead over coffee in both popularity and production with more than 5 million tons of tea produced annually. Although much of this tea is consumed in Asian, European and African countries, the United States drinks its fair share. According to estimates by the Tea Council of the United States, tea is enjoyed by no less than half of the U.S. population on any given day. Black tea or green tea - iced, spiced, or instant - tea drinking has spurred a billion-dollar business with major tea producers in Africa and South America and throughout Asia.
Tea is made from the leaves of an evergreen plant, Camellia sinensis, which grows tall and lush in tropical regions. On tea plantations, the plant is kept trimmed to approximately four feet high and as new buds called flush appear, they are plucked off by hand. Even in today’s world of modern agricultural machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method. Ideally, only the top two leaves and a bud should be pickeb. This new growth produces the highest quality tea.
After being harvested, tea leaves are laid out on long drying racks, called withering racks, for 18 to 20 hours. Next, depending on the type of tea being produced, the leaves may be crushed or chopped to release flavor, and then fermented under controlled conditions of heat and humidity. For green tea, the whole leaves are often steamed to retain their green color, and the fermentation process is skipped. Producing black teas requires fermentation during which the tea leaves begin to darken. After fermentation, black tea is dried in vats to produce its rich brown or black color.
No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has it that tea as a beverage, was discovered in 2737 B. C. by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from a Camellia dropped into his drinking water as it was boiling over a fire. As the story goes, Emperor Shen Nung drank the resulting liquid and proclaimed the drink to be most nourishing and refreshing. Though this account cannot be documented, it is thought that tea drinking probably originated in China and spread to other parts of Asia, then to Europe, and ultimately to America colonies around 1650.
With about half the caffeine content as coffee, tea is often chosen by those who want to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate their caffeine intake. Some people find that tea is less acidic than coffee and therefore easier on the stomach. Others have become interested in tea drinking since the National Cancer Institute published its findings on the antioxidant properties of tea. But whether tea is enjoyed for its perceived health benefits, its flavor, or as a social drink, teacups continue to be filled daily with the world’s most popular beverage.
According to the passage, what is true about the origin of tea drinking?
Đáp án A
Điều gì là đúng về nguồn gốc của uống trà?
No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has it that tea as a beverage, was
discovered in 2737 B. C. by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from a Camellia
dropped into his drinking water as it was boiling over a fire.
A. Nó bắt đầu trong triều đại Shen Nung
B. Nó có thể đã bắt đầu vào khoảng năm 1650
C. Đó là chưa biết khi trà đầu tiên trở nên phổ biến
D. Nó ban đầu được sản xuất từ cây Camellia ở châu Âu
Câu 40:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Ranked as the number one beverage consumed worldwide, tea takes the lead over coffee in both popularity and production with more than 5 million tons of tea produced annually. Although much of this tea is consumed in Asian, European and African countries, the United States drinks its fair share. According to estimates by the Tea Council of the United States, tea is enjoyed by no less than half of the U.S. population on any given day. Black tea or green tea - iced, spiced, or instant - tea drinking has spurred a billion-dollar business with major tea producers in Africa and South America and throughout Asia.
Tea is made from the leaves of an evergreen plant, Camellia sinensis, which grows tall and lush in tropical regions. On tea plantations, the plant is kept trimmed to approximately four feet high and as new buds called flush appear, they are plucked off by hand. Even in today’s world of modern agricultural machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method. Ideally, only the top two leaves and a bud should be pickeb. This new growth produces the highest quality tea.
After being harvested, tea leaves are laid out on long drying racks, called withering racks, for 18 to 20 hours. Next, depending on the type of tea being produced, the leaves may be crushed or chopped to release flavor, and then fermented under controlled conditions of heat and humidity. For green tea, the whole leaves are often steamed to retain their green color, and the fermentation process is skipped. Producing black teas requires fermentation during which the tea leaves begin to darken. After fermentation, black tea is dried in vats to produce its rich brown or black color.
No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has it that tea as a beverage, was discovered in 2737 B. C. by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from a Camellia dropped into his drinking water as it was boiling over a fire. As the story goes, Emperor Shen Nung drank the resulting liquid and proclaimed the drink to be most nourishing and refreshing. Though this account cannot be documented, it is thought that tea drinking probably originated in China and spread to other parts of Asia, then to Europe, and ultimately to America colonies around 1650.
With about half the caffeine content as coffee, tea is often chosen by those who want to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate their caffeine intake. Some people find that tea is less acidic than coffee and therefore easier on the stomach. Others have become interested in tea drinking since the National Cancer Institute published its findings on the antioxidant properties of tea. But whether tea is enjoyed for its perceived health benefits, its flavor, or as a social drink, teacups continue to be filled daily with the world’s most popular beverage.
The word “eliminate” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by which of the following word?
Đáp án D
Từ "eliminate" trong đoạn 5 có thể được thay thế tốt nhất bằng từ
từ sau đây?
Câu 41:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Ranked as the number one beverage consumed worldwide, tea takes the lead over coffee in both popularity and production with more than 5 million tons of tea produced annually. Although much of this tea is consumed in Asian, European and African countries, the United States drinks its fair share. According to estimates by the Tea Council of the United States, tea is enjoyed by no less than half of the U.S. population on any given day. Black tea or green tea - iced, spiced, or instant - tea drinking has spurred a billion-dollar business with major tea producers in Africa and South America and throughout Asia.
Tea is made from the leaves of an evergreen plant, Camellia sinensis, which grows tall and lush in tropical regions. On tea plantations, the plant is kept trimmed to approximately four feet high and as new buds called flush appear, they are plucked off by hand. Even in today’s world of modern agricultural machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method. Ideally, only the top two leaves and a bud should be pickeb. This new growth produces the highest quality tea.
After being harvested, tea leaves are laid out on long drying racks, called withering racks, for 18 to 20 hours. Next, depending on the type of tea being produced, the leaves may be crushed or chopped to release flavor, and then fermented under controlled conditions of heat and humidity. For green tea, the whole leaves are often steamed to retain their green color, and the fermentation process is skipped. Producing black teas requires fermentation during which the tea leaves begin to darken. After fermentation, black tea is dried in vats to produce its rich brown or black color.
No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has it that tea as a beverage, was discovered in 2737 B. C. by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from a Camellia dropped into his drinking water as it was boiling over a fire. As the story goes, Emperor Shen Nung drank the resulting liquid and proclaimed the drink to be most nourishing and refreshing. Though this account cannot be documented, it is thought that tea drinking probably originated in China and spread to other parts of Asia, then to Europe, and ultimately to America colonies around 1650.
With about half the caffeine content as coffee, tea is often chosen by those who want to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate their caffeine intake. Some people find that tea is less acidic than coffee and therefore easier on the stomach. Others have become interested in tea drinking since the National Cancer Institute published its findings on the antioxidant properties of tea. But whether tea is enjoyed for its perceived health benefits, its flavor, or as a social drink, teacups continue to be filled daily with the world’s most popular beverage.
According to the passage, which may be the reason why someone would choose to drink tea instead of coffee?
Đáp án A
Điều gì có thể là lý do tại sao một người nào đó sẽ chọn uống trà thay vì cà phê?
Some people find that tea is less acidic than coffee and therefore easier on the stomach.
A. Bởi vì dễ tiêu hóa hơn cà phê
B. Bởi vì nó có hàm lượng dinh dưỡng cao hơn cà phê
C. Vì nó giúp ngăn ngừa ung thư
D. Vì nó có nhiều caffeine hơn cà phê
Câu 42:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Ranked as the number one beverage consumed worldwide, tea takes the lead over coffee in both popularity and production with more than 5 million tons of tea produced annually. Although much of this tea is consumed in Asian, European and African countries, the United States drinks its fair share. According to estimates by the Tea Council of the United States, tea is enjoyed by no less than half of the U.S. population on any given day. Black tea or green tea - iced, spiced, or instant - tea drinking has spurred a billion-dollar business with major tea producers in Africa and South America and throughout Asia.
Tea is made from the leaves of an evergreen plant, Camellia sinensis, which grows tall and lush in tropical regions. On tea plantations, the plant is kept trimmed to approximately four feet high and as new buds called flush appear, they are plucked off by hand. Even in today’s world of modern agricultural machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method. Ideally, only the top two leaves and a bud should be pickeb. This new growth produces the highest quality tea.
After being harvested, tea leaves are laid out on long drying racks, called withering racks, for 18 to 20 hours. Next, depending on the type of tea being produced, the leaves may be crushed or chopped to release flavor, and then fermented under controlled conditions of heat and humidity. For green tea, the whole leaves are often steamed to retain their green color, and the fermentation process is skipped. Producing black teas requires fermentation during which the tea leaves begin to darken. After fermentation, black tea is dried in vats to produce its rich brown or black color.
No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has it that tea as a beverage, was discovered in 2737 B. C. by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from a Camellia dropped into his drinking water as it was boiling over a fire. As the story goes, Emperor Shen Nung drank the resulting liquid and proclaimed the drink to be most nourishing and refreshing. Though this account cannot be documented, it is thought that tea drinking probably originated in China and spread to other parts of Asia, then to Europe, and ultimately to America colonies around 1650.
With about half the caffeine content as coffee, tea is often chosen by those who want to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate their caffeine intake. Some people find that tea is less acidic than coffee and therefore easier on the stomach. Others have become interested in tea drinking since the National Cancer Institute published its findings on the antioxidant properties of tea. But whether tea is enjoyed for its perceived health benefits, its flavor, or as a social drink, teacups continue to be filled daily with the world’s most popular beverage.
What best describes the topic of this passage?
Đáp án A
Điều gì mô tả đúng nhất chủ đề của đoạn văn này?
A. Tiêu thụ và sản xuất chè
B. Hai loại trà phổ biến nhất
C. Lợi ích của việc tiêu thụ trà trên toàn thế giới
D. Làm thế nào trà được sản xuất và ủ
Câu 43:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to choose the best answer for each of the question from 43- 50
In the last third of the nineteenth century a new housing form was quietly being developed. In 1869 the Stuyvesant, considered New York’s first apartment house, was built on East Eighteenth Street. The building was financed by the developer Rutherfurd Stuyvesant and designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to graduate from the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Each man had lived in Paris, and each understood the economic and social potential of this Parisian housing form. But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited success. In spite of Hunt’s inviting facade, the living place was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couple and bachelors.
The fundamental problem with the Stuyvesant and the other early apartment buildings that quickly followed, in the late 1870’s and early 1880’s, was that they were confined to the typical New York building lot. That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep - a shape perfectly suited for a row house. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require. But even with the awkward interior configurations of the early apartment buildings, the idea caught on. It met the needs of a large and growing population that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not want row houses.
So while the city’s newly emerging social leadership commissioned their mansions, apartment houses and hotels began to sprout on multiple lots, thus breaking the initial space constraints. In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, large apartment houses began dotting the developed portions of New York City, and by the opening decades of the twentieth century, spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tight confinement of row house building lots. From there it was only a small step to building luxury apartment houses on the newly created Park Avenue, right next to the fashionable Fifth Avenue shopping area.
The new housing form discussed in the passage refers to ________
Đáp án B
Mẫu nhà ở mới được thảo luận trong đoạn văn đề cập đến là:
A. nhà một gia đình
B. chung cư
C. dãy nhà
D. khách sạn
Câu 44:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to choose the best answer for each of the question from 43- 50
In the last third of the nineteenth century a new housing form was quietly being developed. In 1869 the Stuyvesant, considered New York’s first apartment house, was built on East Eighteenth Street. The building was financed by the developer Rutherfurd Stuyvesant and designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to graduate from the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Each man had lived in Paris, and each understood the economic and social potential of this Parisian housing form. But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited success. In spite of Hunt’s inviting facade, the living place was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couple and bachelors.
The fundamental problem with the Stuyvesant and the other early apartment buildings that quickly followed, in the late 1870’s and early 1880’s, was that they were confined to the typical New York building lot. That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep - a shape perfectly suited for a row house. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require. But even with the awkward interior configurations of the early apartment buildings, the idea caught on. It met the needs of a large and growing population that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not want row houses.
So while the city’s newly emerging social leadership commissioned their mansions, apartment houses and hotels began to sprout on multiple lots, thus breaking the initial space constraints. In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, large apartment houses began dotting the developed portions of New York City, and by the opening decades of the twentieth century, spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tight confinement of row house building lots. From there it was only a small step to building luxury apartment houses on the newly created Park Avenue, right next to the fashionable Fifth Avenue shopping area.
Why was the Stuyvesant a limited success?
Đáp án B
Tại sao Stuyvesant là một thành công chưa hoàn chỉnh?
But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited success. In spite of Hunt’s inviting facade, the living place was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couple and bachelors.
A. Sự sắp xếp của các phòng không thuận tiện
B. Hầu hết mọi người không thể sống ở đó
C. Không có khu vực mua sắm nào gần đó
D. Đó là trong một người hàng xóm đông đúc
Câu 45:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to choose the best answer for each of the question from 43- 50
In the last third of the nineteenth century a new housing form was quietly being developed. In 1869 the Stuyvesant, considered New York’s first apartment house, was built on East Eighteenth Street. The building was financed by the developer Rutherfurd Stuyvesant and designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to graduate from the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Each man had lived in Paris, and each understood the economic and social potential of this Parisian housing form. But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited success. In spite of Hunt’s inviting facade, the living place was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couple and bachelors.
The fundamental problem with the Stuyvesant and the other early apartment buildings that quickly followed, in the late 1870’s and early 1880’s, was that they were confined to the typical New York building lot. That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep - a shape perfectly suited for a row house. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require. But even with the awkward interior configurations of the early apartment buildings, the idea caught on. It met the needs of a large and growing population that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not want row houses.
So while the city’s newly emerging social leadership commissioned their mansions, apartment houses and hotels began to sprout on multiple lots, thus breaking the initial space constraints. In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, large apartment houses began dotting the developed portions of New York City, and by the opening decades of the twentieth century, spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tight confinement of row house building lots. From there it was only a small step to building luxury apartment houses on the newly created Park Avenue, right next to the fashionable Fifth Avenue shopping area.
The word “sumptuous” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________
Đáp án A
Từ "sumptuous" trong đoạn 1 gần nghĩa với:
A. sang trọng
B. duy nhất
C. hiện đại
D. xa
Câu 46:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to choose the best answer for each of the question from 43- 50
In the last third of the nineteenth century a new housing form was quietly being developed. In 1869 the Stuyvesant, considered New York’s first apartment house, was built on East Eighteenth Street. The building was financed by the developer Rutherfurd Stuyvesant and designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to graduate from the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Each man had lived in Paris, and each understood the economic and social potential of this Parisian housing form. But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited success. In spite of Hunt’s inviting facade, the living place was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couple and bachelors.
The fundamental problem with the Stuyvesant and the other early apartment buildings that quickly followed, in the late 1870’s and early 1880’s, was that they were confined to the typical New York building lot. That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep - a shape perfectly suited for a row house. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require. But even with the awkward interior configurations of the early apartment buildings, the idea caught on. It met the needs of a large and growing population that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not want row houses.
So while the city’s newly emerging social leadership commissioned their mansions, apartment houses and hotels began to sprout on multiple lots, thus breaking the initial space constraints. In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, large apartment houses began dotting the developed portions of New York City, and by the opening decades of the twentieth century, spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tight confinement of row house building lots. From there it was only a small step to building luxury apartment houses on the newly created Park Avenue, right next to the fashionable Fifth Avenue shopping area.
It can be inferred that the majority of people who lived in New York’s first apartments were ________.
Đáp án C
Có thể suy ra rằng phần lớn những người sống ở New York đầu tiên căn hộ là người:
A. có học vấn cao
B. thất nghiệp
C. giàu có
D. trẻ
Câu 47:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to choose the best answer for each of the question from 43- 50
In the last third of the nineteenth century a new housing form was quietly being developed. In 1869 the Stuyvesant, considered New York’s first apartment house, was built on East Eighteenth Street. The building was financed by the developer Rutherfurd Stuyvesant and designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to graduate from the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Each man had lived in Paris, and each understood the economic and social potential of this Parisian housing form. But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited success. In spite of Hunt’s inviting facade, the living place was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couple and bachelors.
The fundamental problem with the Stuyvesant and the other early apartment buildings that quickly followed, in the late 1870’s and early 1880’s, was that they were confined to the typical New York building lot. That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep - a shape perfectly suited for a row house. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require. But even with the awkward interior configurations of the early apartment buildings, the idea caught on. It met the needs of a large and growing population that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not want row houses.
So while the city’s newly emerging social leadership commissioned their mansions, apartment houses and hotels began to sprout on multiple lots, thus breaking the initial space constraints. In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, large apartment houses began dotting the developed portions of New York City, and by the opening decades of the twentieth century, spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tight confinement of row house building lots. From there it was only a small step to building luxury apartment houses on the newly created Park Avenue, right next to the fashionable Fifth Avenue shopping area.
The word “they” in the passage refers to ________.
Đáp án D
Từ "họ" trong đoạn văn đề cập đến:
A. vấn đề cơ bản
B. Stuyvesant
C. tòa nhà chung cư hiện đại
D. tòa nhà chung cư sớm
Câu 48:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to choose the best answer for each of the question from 43- 50
In the last third of the nineteenth century a new housing form was quietly being developed. In 1869 the Stuyvesant, considered New York’s first apartment house, was built on East Eighteenth Street. The building was financed by the developer Rutherfurd Stuyvesant and designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to graduate from the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Each man had lived in Paris, and each understood the economic and social potential of this Parisian housing form. But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited success. In spite of Hunt’s inviting facade, the living place was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couple and bachelors.
The fundamental problem with the Stuyvesant and the other early apartment buildings that quickly followed, in the late 1870’s and early 1880’s, was that they were confined to the typical New York building lot. That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep - a shape perfectly suited for a row house. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require. But even with the awkward interior configurations of the early apartment buildings, the idea caught on. It met the needs of a large and growing population that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not want row houses.
So while the city’s newly emerging social leadership commissioned their mansions, apartment houses and hotels began to sprout on multiple lots, thus breaking the initial space constraints. In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, large apartment houses began dotting the developed portions of New York City, and by the opening decades of the twentieth century, spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tight confinement of row house building lots. From there it was only a small step to building luxury apartment houses on the newly created Park Avenue, right next to the fashionable Fifth Avenue shopping area.
It can be inferred that a New York apartment building in the 1870’s and 1880’s had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT________
Đáp án C
Có thể suy ra rằng một tòa nhà căn hộ ở New York vào những năm 1870 và 1880 có tất cả các đặc điểm sau đây trừ:
A. Sự sắp xếp phòng của nó không hợp lý
B. Đó là hình chữ nhật
C. Nó rộng rãi bên trong
D. Nó có ánh sáng hạn chế
Câu 49:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to choose the best answer for each of the question from 43- 50
In the last third of the nineteenth century a new housing form was quietly being developed. In 1869 the Stuyvesant, considered New York’s first apartment house, was built on East Eighteenth Street. The building was financed by the developer Rutherfurd Stuyvesant and designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to graduate from the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Each man had lived in Paris, and each understood the economic and social potential of this Parisian housing form. But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited success. In spite of Hunt’s inviting facade, the living place was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couple and bachelors.
The fundamental problem with the Stuyvesant and the other early apartment buildings that quickly followed, in the late 1870’s and early 1880’s, was that they were confined to the typical New York building lot. That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep - a shape perfectly suited for a row house. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require. But even with the awkward interior configurations of the early apartment buildings, the idea caught on. It met the needs of a large and growing population that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not want row houses.
So while the city’s newly emerging social leadership commissioned their mansions, apartment houses and hotels began to sprout on multiple lots, thus breaking the initial space constraints. In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, large apartment houses began dotting the developed portions of New York City, and by the opening decades of the twentieth century, spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tight confinement of row house building lots. From there it was only a small step to building luxury apartment houses on the newly created Park Avenue, right next to the fashionable Fifth Avenue shopping area.
Why did the idea of living in an apartment become popular in the late 1880’s?
Đáp án B
Tại sao ý tưởng sống trong một căn hộ trở nên phổ biến vào cuối những năm 1880?
A. Các gia đình lớn cần nhà ở có đủ không gian
B. Căn hộ thích hợp hơn với các khu nhà ở và rẻ hơn so với các dãy nhà
C. Các quan chức thành phố của "New York muốn nhà ở được đặt ở trung tâm
D. Hình dạng của các căn hộ ban đầu có thể chứa một loạt các thiết kế nội thất
Câu 50:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to choose the best answer for each of the question from 43- 50
In the last third of the nineteenth century a new housing form was quietly being developed. In 1869 the Stuyvesant, considered New York’s first apartment house, was built on East Eighteenth Street. The building was financed by the developer Rutherfurd Stuyvesant and designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to graduate from the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Each man had lived in Paris, and each understood the economic and social potential of this Parisian housing form. But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited success. In spite of Hunt’s inviting facade, the living place was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couple and bachelors.
The fundamental problem with the Stuyvesant and the other early apartment buildings that quickly followed, in the late 1870’s and early 1880’s, was that they were confined to the typical New York building lot. That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep - a shape perfectly suited for a row house. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require. But even with the awkward interior configurations of the early apartment buildings, the idea caught on. It met the needs of a large and growing population that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not want row houses.
So while the city’s newly emerging social leadership commissioned their mansions, apartment houses and hotels began to sprout on multiple lots, thus breaking the initial space constraints. In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, large apartment houses began dotting the developed portions of New York City, and by the opening decades of the twentieth century, spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tight confinement of row house building lots. From there it was only a small step to building luxury apartment houses on the newly created Park Avenue, right next to the fashionable Fifth Avenue shopping area.
The author mentions the Dakota and the Ansonia in paragraph 3 because ________.
Đáp án A
Tác giả đề cập đến Dakota và Ansonia trong đoạn 3 vì
A. chúng là ví dụ về các tòa nhà chung cư được thiết kế đẹp mắt
B. thiết kế của họ là tương tự như của các dãy nhà
C. chúng được xây dựng trên một tòa nhà duy nhất
D. họ là những khách sạn nổi tiếng