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20 Đề thi thử THPTQG môn Tiếng Anh cực hay có đáp án (Đề số 16)

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Câu 1:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

- weave /wi:v/ (v): đan, dệt

- please /pli:z/(v): làm hài lòng

- seafood /'si:.fu:d/(n): hải sn

- clear /klɪər/(adj): trong sạch, sáng sủa


Câu 2:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

- frame/freɪm/ (n): khung

- artisan /'ɑ:.tɪ.zæn/ (n): thợ làm nghề thủ công

- attraction/ 'ətræk. ʃən/ (n): điểm hấp dẫn, thu hút

- handicraft /'hæn.dɪ.krɑ:ft/ (n) sản phẩm thủ công


Câu 3:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

- solidarity /.l.ɪ'dær.ə.ti/ (n): tình đoàn kết

- communicative /kə'mju:.nɪ.kə.tɪv/ (adv): mang tính giao tiếp

- documentary /.dɒk.jə’men.fər.i/ (adj, n): (thuộc) tài liệu, phim tài liệu

- dedication /.ded.ɪ'keɪ. ʃən/ (n): sự cống hiến, sự tận tụy


Câu 4:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

- tradition /trə'diʃ.ən/ (n): truyền thống

- modernize /'mɒd. ən.aɪz/ (v): hiện đại hóa

- impressive /ɪm'pres.ɪv/ (adj): gây ấn tượng sâu sắc

- emotion /ɪ’məʊ. ʃ ən / (n): cảm xúc


Câu 5:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Lan’s replies were inconsistent with her previous testimony.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

- contradicted /.kɒn.trə'dɪktid/ (adj): mâu thuẫn với, trái với

- compatible /kəm'pset.ə.bəl/ (adj): ơng thích

- enhanced /ɪn'ha:nst (adj): được tăng cưng

- incorporated /in'kɔ:.pər.eɪ.tɪd/ (adj): kết hợp chặt chẽ

- inconsistent /.in.kən'sɪs.tənt/ (adj): mâu thuẫn, không nhất quán, không tương thích

Do đó: inconsistent khác compatible

Dịch: Những câu trả lởi của Lan mâu thuẫn với bằng chứng trước đó cô ấy đưa ra.


Câu 6:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

My grandparents are really tight with their money. They hate throwing away food and never eat out.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

- to spend much money too easily: tiêu nhiều tiền quá dễ dàng

- to not like spending money: không thích tiêu tiền

- to not know the value of money: không biết giá trị của đồng tiền

- to save as much money as possible: tiết kiệm tiền nhiều nht có th

- tight with their money: thắt chặt túi tiền, chắt bóp đồng tiền của mình


Câu 7:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The sales clerk was totally bewildered by the customer’s behavior.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

- disgusted (adj): ghê tởm, chán ghét

- puzzled (adj): bối rối, lúng túng, khó xử

- angry (adj): tức giận

- upset (adj): buồn bã, thất vọng

- bewildered (adj): bi rối, lúng túng

Do đó: bewildered ~ puzzled

Dịch: Nhân viên bán hàng hoàn toàn bối rối với cách cư xử của khách hàng.


Câu 8:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

My two children were full of beans today, looking forward to their trip.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

- disappointed (adj): thất vọng

- hyperactive (adj): hiếu động thái quá, tăng động

- melancholy (adj): u sầu

- lively and in high spirits: năng nổ và tràn đầy năng lượng

- full of beans/ life: having a lot of energy: tràn đầy năng lượng, hăng hái

Dịch: Hôm nay hai đứa con của tôi thật hăng hái, đang mong chở chuyến đi chơi.


Câu 9:

- Tim: “Wow! You look terrific in that new dress!” - Lisa: “ _________”

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

Tim: “Wow! Cậu trông rất tuyệt trong bộ váy mới đó!” Lisa: “_________.

A. Ồ, thật đáng tiếc!

B. Tớ sợ như vậy!

C. Cảm ơn cậu. Tớ rất vui khi cậu nghĩ vậy.

D. Sao cậu dám nói vậy?


Câu 10:

David and Tom are meeting after a long time

David: “How have you been recently?” - Tom: “_________ ”

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

David: “Cậu dạo này như thế nào?” Tom: “_________.

A. Tuần sau tớ sẽ đi nghỉ mát.

B. Thưởng xuyên đi bng xe buýt.

C. Tớ đang làm việc ở đây.

D. Tớ nghĩ là khá bận rộn.


Câu 11:

Kelly and Tim persuaded me _________ the party.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

Cấu trúc: - S + persuade + O + to V ...: thuyết phục ai làm gì đó

E.g: They persuaded me to take part in the contest. (Họ đã thuyết phục tôi tham gia cuộc thi.)

Dịch: Kelly và Tim đã thuyết phục tôi tham dự bữa tiệc.


Câu 12:

I should leave here. I don’t want to _________ my welcome.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

- give up (ph.v): từ bỏ

- go off (ph.v): ri khỏi, nổ (súng, bom), reo (chuông)

- run down (ph.v): ngừng hoạt động, mất hết năng lượng

- wear out (ph.v): làm kiệt sức; kéo dài, trôi qua chậm chạp (thời gian)

+ to wear out one’s welcome: ở chơi lâu đến nỗi người ta không muốn tiếp nữa.

Dịch: Tôi nên rời khỏi đây. Tôi không muốn chơi lâu đến nỗi người ta không muốn tiếp nữa.


Câu 13:

There were many politicians at the meeting, several of _________ were very young.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

- that: không dùng sau giới từ

- who: không dùng sau giới từ

- “whom” “which”: có thể được dùng sau giới từ

- Chúng ta có thể dùng “all, most, none, neither, any, either, some, (a) few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much” + of which/whom

E.g: I have two brothers, both of whom are doctors.

Dịch: Có nhiều nhà chính trị ở cuộc họp, một vài trong số họ thì trẻ.


Câu 14:

Tim didn’t do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. He _________ his homework.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Cấu trúc: - must + have Vpp: chắc hẳn đã làm gì

- should + have Vpp: lẽ ra đã nên làm gì

- might + Vpp (bare-inf): có thể làm gì đó (tương lai)

- will + have Vpp: sẽ làm gì trước 1 thởi điểm/ hành động khác trong tương lai (thì tương lai hoàn thành)

Dịch: Tim đã không làm bài tập về nhà cho nên giáo viên đã rất tức giận. Cậu ta lẽ ra đã nên làm bài tập về nhà.


Câu 15:

Some people say that they are _________ of events going on elsewhere.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

- ignorance (n): sự không biết, sự ngu dốt, sự thiếu kiến thức

- ignoring (v-ing): lở đi, không chú ý đến

- ignorant (+ of) (adj): không biết, ngu dốt => ignorantly (adv)

Từ cần điền vào là một tính từ sau động từ “to be”.


Câu 16:

Our new classmate, John is a bit of a rough _________ but I think I’m going to like him once I get used to him.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

- stone (n): đá

- rock (n): đá

- diamond (n): kim cương

- pearl (n): ngọc trai

+ a rough diamond: kim cương chưa mài, một người căn bản tốt nhưng có thể cư xử thô lỗ, cục mịch.

Dịch: Bạn học cùng lớp mới của chúng tôi, John, hơi thô lỗ chút nhưng tôi nghĩ tôi sẽ thích anh ấy một khi tôi quen anh ấy.


Câu 17:

The problem needs to be _________ immediately, otherwise it will be too late.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

- address (v) ~ tackle, solve: giải quyết

- focus (v): tập trung

- monitor (v): giám sát

- check (v): kiểm tra

Dịch: Vấn đề cần được giải quyết ngay lập tức nếu không thì sẽ quá trễ.


Câu 18:

The judge _________ murderer to a lifetime imprisonment.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

- prosecute (v): khởi tố, kiện

+ prosecute sb for sth: khởi tố ai về điều gì

- sentence (v): kết án, tuyên án

+ sentence sb to sth: kết án/ tuyên án ai....

- convict (v): kết tội, tuyên b có tội

+ convict sb of sth: tuyên bó ai có tội ....

- accuse (v): kết tội, buộc tội

+ accuse sb of sth: buộc tội ai....

Dịch: Quan tòa tuyên án kẻ giết người tù chung thân.


Câu 19:

- Did you remember to give Linda the money you owed her?

- Yes, I gave it to her  _________ I saw her.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

- while: trong khi

- suddenly: bỗng nhiên, đột ngột

- once: đã có thởi, một khi

- the moment (that) ~ as soon as: ngay khi

E.g: I want to see him the moment he arrives.

Dịch: “Bạn có nhớ đưa cho Linda số tiền mà bạn nợ cô ấy không? - Rồi, tôi đã đưa cho cô ấy ngay khi gặp cô ấy.”


Câu 20:

_________ me to your mother when you are in New York.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

- tell (v): bảo, kể

+ tell sb sth/ tell sb about sth: kể ai điều gì/ kể ai về điều gì

- remind (v): nhắc nh

+ remind sb to do sth: nhắc nhở ai làm gì

- remember (v): nhớ

+ remember + to V/ V-ing: nhớ làm gì/ đã làm gì

+ remember me to sb: be used to ask somebody to give your good wishes to somebody else: gửi lởi chào, gửi lởi hỏi thăm

E.g: Remember me to your parents. (Nhớ gửi lởi hỏi thăm của tôi đến bố mẹ bạn nhé.)

- greet (v): chào

+ greet sb: chào ai

Dịch: Nhớ gửi lởi hỏi thăm của tôi tới mẹ bạn khi bạn ở New York nhé.


Câu 21:

Tim was disappointed because he _________ for the train for two hours.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Động từ “wait” trong câu này được chia ở thì quá kh hoàn thành tiếp diễn để diễn tả hành động là nguyên nhân của một điu gì đó trong quá khứ.

Cấu trúc: - S + had + been + V-ing ... (thì quá kh hoàn thành tiếp diễn)

Dịch: Tim đã rất thất vọng vì cậu ấy đã chở tàu 2 tiếng đồng hồ rồi.


Câu 22:

Everybody thinks that the play last night was very successful, _________ ?

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Nếu câu đầu có dạng “I + V (think, believe, suppose, ...) + mệnh đề phụ” thì lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.

E. g: - I think he will come here, won’t he?

- I don’t think she can swim, can she? (vì phía trước có “not”)

Nếu chủ ngữ câu đầu trong dạng này mà không phải là “I” thì ta dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi.

E.g: She thinks that he will come here, doesn’t she?

Do đó, trong câu này, chủ ngữ là “everybody” nên phần hỏi đuôi sẽ theo mệnh đề đầu => phần hỏi đuôi ở thể phủ định thì hiện tại đơn + đại từ they

Dịch: Mọi người nghĩ rằng vở kịch tối qua rất thành công, có phải không?


Câu 23:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.

        In the past, the process of choosing a career was a much simpler matter than it is today. Aboy often followed in his father’s footsteps. His sister learned the household skills that (23) _________ her to become a wife and mother. Nowadays young people grow up in a much freer society (24) _________they enjoy almost unlimited career opportunities. In recent years, there (25) _________ an enormous increase in the kinds of vocations from which it is possible to choose. In addition, many of the barriers to career opportunity that existed only a few decades ago, such as (26) _________ based on sex or religion or ethnic origins, are (27) _________ disappearing.

Điền vào số (23)

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Vì động từ “leam” phía trước được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn nên động từ “prepare” được chia ở thì tương lai trong quá khứ với “would + V”.

- prepare sb... : chuẩn bị cho ai...

“His sister learned the household skills that would prepare her to become a wife and mother.” (Chị gái cậu ấy đã học các kĩ năng nội trợ sẽ chuẩn bị cho tương lai cô ấy trở thành người vợ và người mẹ.)


Câu 24:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.

            In the past, the process of choosing a career was a much simpler matter than it is today. Aboy often followed in his father’s footsteps. His sister learned the household skills that (23) _________ her to become a wife and mother. Nowadays young people grow up in a much freer society (24) _________they enjoy almost unlimited career opportunities. In recent years, there (25) _________ an enormous increase in the kinds of vocations from which it is possible to choose. In addition, many of the barriers to career opportunity that existed only a few decades ago, such as (26) _________ based on sex or religion or ethnic origins, are (27) _________ disappearing.

Điền vào số (24)

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

- where: trạng từ quan hệ, thay thế cho từ/ cụm từ nơi chốn

- when: trạng từ quan hệ, thay thế cho từ/ cụm từ chỉ thởi gian

- why: trạng từ quan hệ, thay thế cho từ/ cụm từ chỉ lý do

- whom: đại từ quan hệ, thay thế cho tân ngữ chỉ người

Trong câu này từ cần điền vào là đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho cụm từ nơi chốn “in a society”.

“Nowadays young people grow up in a much freer society where they enjoy almost unlimited career opportunities” (Ngày nay, những người trẻ lớn lên trong một xã hội tự do hơn nhiều, nơi mà họ có được hầu như vô số cơ hội nghề nghiệp.)


Câu 25:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.

        In the past, the process of choosing a career was a much simpler matter than it is today. Aboy often followed in his father’s footsteps. His sister learned the household skills that (23) _________ her to become a wife and mother. Nowadays young people grow up in a much freer society (24) _________they enjoy almost unlimited career opportunities. In recent years, there (25) _________ an enormous increase in the kinds of vocations from which it is possible to choose. In addition, many of the barriers to career opportunity that existed only a few decades ago, such as (26) _________ based on sex or religion or ethnic origins, are (27) _________ disappearing.

Điền vào số (25)

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

- In recent years: trong những năm gần đây => động từ chia ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành

“In recent years, there has been an enormous increase in the kinds of vocations from which it is possible to choose” (Trong những năm gần đây, đã có sự tăng mạnh về các loại nghề nghiệp để cho mọi người lựa chọn.)


Câu 26:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.

        In the past, the process of choosing a career was a much simpler matter than it is today. Aboy often followed in his father’s footsteps. His sister learned the household skills that (23) _________ her to become a wife and mother. Nowadays young people grow up in a much freer society (24) _________they enjoy almost unlimited career opportunities. In recent years, there (25) _________ an enormous increase in the kinds of vocations from which it is possible to choose. In addition, many of the barriers to career opportunity that existed only a few decades ago, such as (26) _________ based on sex or religion or ethnic origins, are (27) _________ disappearing.

Điền vào số (26)

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

- judgment (n): sự đánh giá, óc phán đoán

- perception (n): sự tiếp nhận, sự nhận thức

- devotion (n): sự tận tụy, sự hiến dâng

- discrimination (n): sự phân biệt đối xử

“In addition, many of the barriers to career opportunity that existed only a few decades ago, such as discrimination based on sex or religion or ethnic origins...” (Thêm vào đó, nhiều rào cản đối với cơ hội nghề nghiệp đã tồn tại một vài thập kỉ trước đây như sự phân biệt đối xử dựa trên giới tính hoặc tôn giáo hoặc nguồn gốc dân tộc...)


Câu 27:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.

        In the past, the process of choosing a career was a much simpler matter than it is today. Aboy often followed in his father’s footsteps. His sister learned the household skills that (23) _________ her to become a wife and mother. Nowadays young people grow up in a much freer society (24) _________they enjoy almost unlimited career opportunities. In recent years, there (25) _________ an enormous increase in the kinds of vocations from which it is possible to choose. In addition, many of the barriers to career opportunity that existed only a few decades ago, such as (26) _________ based on sex or religion or ethnic origins, are (27) _________ disappearing.

Điền vào số (27)

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

- rapidly (adv): nhanh chóng

- incessantly (adv): không ngừng, không dứt

-    categorically (adv): ràng, minh bạch

-    vigilantly (adv): thận trọng, cảnh giác

“In addition, many of the barriers to career opportunity that existed only a few decades ago, such as discrimination based on sex or religion or ethnic origins, are rapidly disappearing.” (Thêm vào đó, nhiều rào cản đối với cơ hội nghề nghiệp đã tồn tại chỉ một vài thập kỉ trước đây như sự phân biệt đối xử dựa trên giới tính hoặc tôn giảo hoặc nguồn gốc dân tộc đang nhanh chóng biến mất.)


Câu 28:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

        In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930.

        A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood not only supplied jobs but also disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America’s greatest refining center.

        Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of400 square miles.

                   It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.

What is the passage mainly about?

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

Bài đọc chủ yếu thảo luận về điều gì?

A. Sự phát triển của các thành phố ở Mỹ vào đầu những năm 1900

B. Sự phát triển của các mỏ dầu phía Nam California

C. Các yếu tố góp phần vào sự phát triển của Los Angeles

D. Quy hoạch thành phố và công nghiệp ở Los Angeles

Dẫn chứng: A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous... The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections... The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. (Một số điều kiện đã góp phần vào sự phát triển của Los Angeles. Tiềm năng nông nghiệp của khu vực này rất lớn... Thành phố có một bến cảng tự nhiên tuyệt vời, cũng như các tuyến đường sắt tuyệt vời... Tuy nhiên, ngành công nghiệp đơn lẻ quan trọng nhất thúc đẩy sự phát triển của Los Angeles, có liên quan trực tiếp đến ô tô.)


Câu 29:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

        In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930.

        A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood not only supplied jobs but also disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America’s greatest refining center.

        Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of400 square miles.

                   It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.

The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States after 1900 as resulting primarily from _________.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Tác giả mô tả sự phát triển của các thành phố mới to lớn ở Mỹ sau năm 1900 chủ yếu do _________.

A. điều kiện kinh tế mới

B. hình ảnh các thành phố được chiếu trong phim

C. các kĩ thuật nông nghiệp mới

D. dân số di cư lớn

Dẫn chứng: In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents- New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. (Năm 1900 Hoa Kỳ chỉ có ba thành phố với hơn một triệu cơ dân - New York, Chicago Philadelphia. Đến năm 1930, nó có mười đô thị khổng lồ. Những cái mới hơn đã tăng trưởng đáng kể, phản ánh những thay đổi cơ bản trong nền kinh tế.)


Câu 30:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

        In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930.

        A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood not only supplied jobs but also disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America’s greatest refining center.

        Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of400 square miles.

                   It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.

The word “meteoric" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Từ “meteoric” trong đoạn 2 gần nghĩa nhất với _________.

A. nhanh chóng

B. nổi tiếng

C. có thể gây tranh luận

D. có thứ tự

“A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles” (Một số yếu tố đã góp phần vào sự phát triển nhanh chóng của Los Angeles”)

Do đó: meteoric ~ rapid


Câu 31:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

        In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930.

        A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood not only supplied jobs but also disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America’s greatest refining center.

        Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of400 square miles.

                   It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.

According to the passage, the most important factor in the development of agriculture around Los Angeles was the _________.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Theo bài đọc, yếu tố quan trọng nhất trong sự phát triển nông nghiệp ở Los Angeles là _________.

A. dòng người nhập cư vào các khu vực nông nghiệp gần thành phố

B.  việc xây dựng cống dẫn nước

C. sự mở rộng cơ sở hạ tầng cho giao thông

D. sự phát triển các sự kết nối vùng mới với cảng tự nhiên của thành phố

Dẫn chứng: The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. (Tiềm năng nông nghiệp của khu vực là rất lớn nếu tìm thấy nguồn nước tưới tiêu, và hhững người sáng lập thành phố đã có tầm nhìn và hứa hẹn để có được nó bằng cách xây dựng một cống nước dài 225 dặm, được hoàn thành vào năm 1913, để khai thác nước của sông Owens.)


Câu 32:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

        In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930.

        A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood not only supplied jobs but also disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America’s greatest refining center.

        Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of400 square miles.

                   It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.

According to the passage, the initial success of Hollywood’s motion picture industry was due largely to the _________ .

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Theo bài đọc, thành công ban đầu của ngành công nghiệp điện ảnh của Hollywood chủ yếu do _________.

A. việc có sẵn nhiều công nhân lành nghề

B. vẻ đẹp của nông thôn

C. vùng nổi tiếng về lối sống xa hoa

D. khí hậu của vùng và thời tiết đẹp

Dẫn chứng: The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round: hence Hollywood not only supplied jobs but also disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. (Thời tiết làm cho những hình ảnh ở đó thay đổi quanh năm; do đó Hollywood không chỉ cung cấp việc làm mà còn cho thấy hình ảnh về cuộc sống tốt đẹp ở miển Nam California trên các màn hlnh trên toàn quốc.)


Câu 33:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

        In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930.

        A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood not only supplied jobs but also disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America’s greatest refining center.

        Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of400 square miles.

                   It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.

It can be inferred from the passage that in 1930 the greatest number of people in the Los Angeles area were employed in _________.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Chúng ta có thể suy ra từ bài đọc rằng vào năm 1930 số lượng người lớn nhất ở vùng Los Angeles được thuê _________.

A. làm nông nghiệp

B. lọc dầu

C. sản xuất ô tô

D. vào công nghiệp điện ảnh

Dẫn chứng: The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America’s greatest refining center. (Nhu cầu xăng dầu để làm nhiên liệu cho động cơ xăng dẫn đến việc khai thác các mỏ dầu ở Nam California, và tạo ra trung tâm lọc dầu lớn nhất của Los Angeles Bắc Mỹ.)


Câu 34:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

        In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930.

        A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood not only supplied jobs but also disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America’s greatest refining center.

        Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of400 square miles.

                   It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.

The visitors from the east coast mentioned in the passage thought that Los Angeles

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Những du khách từ bờ biển phía đông được đề cập trong bài đọc nghĩ rằng Los Angeles _________.

A. không được miêu tả đúng bởi các hình ảnh Hollywood

B. thiếu các khu vực ngoại ô tốt để sống

C. có dân số quá lớn

D. không thực sự là một thành phố

Dẫn chứng: Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. (Một số du khách từ bờ biển phía đông đã bị khủng hoảng khi sống ở khu vực đô thị hóa và bỏ quên Los Angeles như một bộ sưu tập ngoại ô chỉ để tìm kiếm một thành phố.)


Câu 35:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

        According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the tamily, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

        Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ubility, decades ot research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category ot “natural leaders. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs ot that particular group.

        Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.

        Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

                   Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Bài đọc chủ yếu thảo luận về điều gì?

A. những vấn đề mà các nhà lãnh đạo phải đối mặt

B. khả năng lãnh đạo trong các nhóm lớn và nhỏ khác nhau như thế nào

C. các nhóm xã hội xác định người lãnh đạo như thế nào

D. vai trò của các nhà lãnh đạo trong các nhóm xã hội

Dẫn chứng: - ... there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals... (.. .thường có 2 vai trò lãnh đạo khác nhau được các cá nhân khác nhau nắm giữ...)

- Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. (Công việc lãnh đạo là điều hành nhấn mạnh việc hoàn thành nhiệm vụ của một nhóm xã hội)

- Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. (Lãnh đạo cảm xúc là cung cấp hỗ trợ tình cảm cho các thành viên nhóm và cố gắng giảm thiểu căng thẳng và xung đột trong nhóm mà ít quan tâm đến mục tiêu tổng thể của nhóm.)


Câu 36:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

        According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the tamily, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

        Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ubility, decades ot research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category ot “natural leaders. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs ot that particular group.

        Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.

        Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

                   Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect

The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT _________.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

Bài đọc đề cập tất cả những cách sau đây để một người có thể trở thành nhà lãnh đạo NGOẠI TRỪ _________.

A. tuyển dụng

B. quy trình bầu cử chính thức

C. đào tạo khả năng lãnh đạo

D. mô hình văn hóa truyền thống

Dẫn chứng: According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment, (đoạn 1) (Theo các nhà xã hội học, có nhiều cách khác nhau trong đó một người có thể được công nhận là người lãnh đạo của một nhóm xã hội ở Hoa Kỳ. Trong gia đình, các mẫu văn hóa truyền thống trao quyền lãnh đạo cho một hoặc cả hai cha mẹ. Trong các trường hợp khác, chẳng hạn như các nhóm hữu nghị, một hoặc nhiều người có thể dần dần nổi lên như các nhà lãnh đạo, mặc dù không có quá trình lựa chọn chính thức. Trong các nhóm lớn hơn, các nhà lãnh đạo thường được chọn chính thức thông qua bầu cử hoặc tuyển dụng.)


Câu 37:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

        According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the tamily, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

        Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ubility, decades ot research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category ot “natural leaders. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs ot that particular group.

        Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.

        Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

                   Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect

In mentioning “natural leaders” in the second paragraph, the author is making the point that _________.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Khi đề cập đến “các nhà lãnh đạo thiên bẩm" trong đoạn 2 thì ý của tác giả là _________.

A.  rất ít người có đủ khả năng là “nhà lãnh đạo thiên bẩm“

B. không có bằng chứng về việc “nhà lãnh đạo thiên bẩm" tồn tại

C. “nhà lãnh đạo thiên bẩm” dễ dàng được chấp nhận bởi các thành viên trong một nhóm xã hội

D. “nhà lãnh đạo thiên bẩm” có chung nhiều đặc điểm

Dẫn chứng: Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category .of natural leaders.”(Mặc dù các nhà lãnh đạo thường được cho là những người có khả năng đặc biệt nhưng các nghiên cứu trong nhiều thập kỉ qua đã không tìm ra bằng chứng phù hợp cho việc có “các nhà lãnh đạo thiên bẩm” hay không.)


Câu 38:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

        According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the tamily, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

        Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ubility, decades ot research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category ot “natural leaders. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs ot that particular group.

        Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.

        Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

                   Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect

Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Điều nào sau đây về khả năng lãnh đạo có thể được suy ra từ đoạn 2?

A.  Một người là nhà lãnh đạo giỏi trong tổ chức này nhưng chưa chắc đã giỏi trong tổ chức khác.

B. Rất ít người thành công khi chia sẻ vai trò lãnh đạo với người khác.

C. Cách tốt nhất mà một người có thể trở thành nhà lãnh đạo giỏi là nghiên cứu về khả năng lãnh đạo.

D. Hầu hết mọi người muốn trở thành nhà lãnh đạo nhưng không chứng minh được khả năng của mình.

Dẫn chứng: Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs ot that particular group. (Mặc dù các nhà lãnh đạo thường được cho là những người có khả năng đặc biệt nhưng các nghiên cứu trong nhiều thập kỉ qua đã không tìm ra bằng chứng phù hợp cho việc có “các nhà lãnh đạo thiên bẩm” hay không. Dường như các nhà lãnh đạo không có bất kì phẩm chất cá nhân chung nào; thay vào đó, hầu như bất kì người nào cũng có thể trở thành nhà lãnh đạo nếu người đó có phẩm chất đáp ứng được các yêu cầu của nhóm đó.)


Câu 39:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

        According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the tamily, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

        Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ubility, decades ot research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category ot “natural leaders. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs ot that particular group.

        Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.

        Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

                   Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect

The passage indicates that ‘instrumental leaders’ generally focus on    _________.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Bài đọc chỉ ra rằng “instrumental leaders” thưởng tập trung vào _________.

A. đảm bảo các mối quan hệ được hài hòa

B.  chia sẻ trách nhiệm với các thành viên trong nhóm

C. nhận ra các nhà lãnh đạo mới

D. đạt được mục tiêu

Dẫn chứng: Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.”(Lãnh đạo công cụ là lãnh đạo nhấn mạnh việc hoàn thành nhiệm vụ của một nhóm xã hội. Các thành viên trong nhóm tìm đến các nhà lãnh đạo công cụ để "khiến mọi việc được thực hiện")


Câu 40:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

        According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the tamily, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

        Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ubility, decades ot research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category ot “natural leaders. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs ot that particular group.

        Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.

        Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

                   Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect

The word “collective” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

Từ “collective” trong đoạn 3 gần nghĩa nhất với _________.

  A. cần thiết                                                  B. điển hình

  C. nhóm                                                      D. đặc biệt, riêng biệt

“Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member.” (Mặt khác, sự lãnh đạo giàu cảm xúc nhấn mạnh đến phúc lợi tập thể của các thành viên trong nhóm xã hội.)

Do đó: collective ~ group


Câu 41:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

        According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the tamily, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

        Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ubility, decades ot research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category ot “natural leaders. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs ot that particular group.

        Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.

        Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

                   Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect

The word “them” in the third paragraph refers to _________.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

Từ “them” trong đoạn 3 đề cập đến _________.

A. các nhà lãnh đạo giàu cảm xúc

B. các mục tiêu của nhóm

C. các thành viên trong nhóm

D. căng thẳng và xung đột

“Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.” (Những nhà lãnh đạo giàu cảm xúc ít quan tâm đến mục tiêu chung của nhóm hơn so với việc giúp đỡ các thành viên trong nhóm về cảm xúc và nỗ lực giảm tối thiểu căng thẳng và xung đột giữa các thành viên trong nhóm.)

Do đó: them = group members


Câu 42:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

        According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the tamily, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

        Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ubility, decades ot research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category ot “natural leaders. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs ot that particular group.

        Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.

        Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

                   Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect

A “secondary relationship” mentioned in the last paragraph between a leader and the members of a group could best be characterized as _________.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Một “mối quan hệ phụ” được đề cập trong đoạn cuối giữa nhà lãnh đạo và các thành viên trong nhóm có thể được miêu tả là _________.

A.  xa cách, có khoảng cách

B. nhiệt tình

C. không đáng tin

D. cá nhân

Dẫn chứng: “Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group” (“Các nhạc trưởng có khả năng kết nối với các thành viên khác trong nhóm. Họ đưa ra mệnh lệnh và trật tự đối các thành viên trong nhóm, họ là những người kiểm soát việc đạt được các mục tiêu của nhóm. Các nhạc trưởng biểu đạt trau dồi một mối quan hệ cá nhân hoặc với những người khác trong nhóm”)


Câu 43:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

If I hadn’t had so much work to do I would have gone to the movies.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Câu ban đầu: Nếu tôi đã không có quá nhiều việc phải làm thì tôi đã đi xem phim.

A. Bởi vì tôi đã phải làm quá nhiều việc nên tôi không thể đi xem phim.

B. Tôi đi xem phim khi tôi làm quá nhiều việc.

C. Nhiều việc không thể ngăn cản tôi đi xem phim.

D. Tôi chưa bao giờ đi xem phim nếu tôi có việc phải làm.

“If I hadn’t had so much work to do _________, I would have gone to the movies” - câu điều kiện loại 3 diễn tả sự việc trái với thực tế trong quá khứ


Câu 44:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

“If I were you, I would marry him”, she said to me.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

- “If I were you” (Nếu tôi là bạn): diễn tả lời khuyên nên ta dùng động từ “advise” trong lời nói tường thuật lại.

Cấu trúc: - advise sb to do sth: khuyên ai nên làm gì đó

E.g: The doctor advised me to go to bed early. (Bác sỹ khuyên tôi đi ngủ sớm)

- advise sb not to do sth: khuyên ai không nên làm gì đó

E.g: My mother advises me not to stay up late. (Mẹ khuyên tôi không nên thức khuya.)

Câu ban đầu: “Nếu tôi là bạn thì tôi sẽ lấy anh ấy”, cô ấy nói với tôi. à Cô ấy khuyên tôi lấy anh ấy.


Câu 45:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

The last time I saw David was when I ran into him at the station on my way to New York.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Câu ban đầu: Lần cuối tôi gặp David là khi tôi tình cờ gặp cậu ấy ở nhà ga trên đường đi New York.

A. Tôi đã không gặp David từ lần gặp cậu ấy tình cờ tại nhà ga khi tôi đang trên đường đi New York.

B. Khi lần cuối tôi đến New York, tôi đã tình cờ gặp David ở nhà ga.

C. Khi lần cuối tôi gặp David ở nhà ga tại New York, tôi đã chạy theo cậu ấy.

D. Cuối cùng tôi đã gặp David tại nhà ga khi tôi đang trên đường đi New York.

Cấu trúc: - run into (ph.v) ~ meet somebody by chance: tình cờ gặp ai

- set off (ph.v): khởi hành

- happen + to V: tình cờ làm gì đó


Câu 46:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

(A) The coal is (B) the world’s most abundant (C) fossil (D) fuel.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

- coal (n-uncountable): than đá

Trong câu này, “coal” là danh từ không đếm được nói chung nên không có mạo từ “the” đi kèm.

Do đó: The coal => Coal

Dịch: Than đá là nhiên liệu hóa thạch phong phú nhất của thế giới.


Câu 47:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Though (A) formally close friends, they (B) have now been estranged from each (C) other due to some (D) regrettable misunderstandings.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

- formally (adv): trang trọng, chính thức

- formerly (adv): trước đây, cũ

- though ~ although: mặc dù

Do đó: formally => formerly

Dịch: Mặc dù trước đây từng là những người bạn thân nhưng giờ họ đã trở nên xa lạ với nhau vì một vài hiểu lầm đáng tiếc.


Câu 48:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

All the (A) applicants for the job will (B) be equally treated (C) regarding of their sex, age, or (D) nationality.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

- regarding (prep): đối với, về, liên quan đến

E.g: Call me if you have any problems regarding your work.

- regardless of (prep): bất kể, không chú ý đến, bất chấp

E.g: The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.

Do đó: regarding => regardless

Dịch: Tất cả các ứng viên cho công việc sẽ được đối xử công bằng bất kể giới tính, tuổi tác và quốc tịch.


Câu 49:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

She applied for the job abroad. She wanted to develop herself and earn more money.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

“Cô ấy đã nộp đơn xin việc ở nước ngoài. Cô ấy muốn phát triển bản thân và kiếm nhiều tiền hơn.”

A. Cô ấy đã nộp đơn xin việc ở nước ngoài để phát triển bản thân và kiếm nhiều tiền hơn.

B. Để kiếm nhiều tiền hơn cho sự phát triển, cô ấy đã nộp đơn xin việc ở nước ngoài.

C. Cô ấy nộp đơn xin việc ở nước ngoài nên cô ấy đã phát triển bản thân minh và kiếm nhiều tiền hơn.

D. Kiếm nhiều tiền hơn là lý do cô ấy đã nộp đơn xin việc ở nước ngoài.

Cấu trúc: - so as to/ in order to + V: để làm gì (diễn tả mục đích)


Câu 50:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Smallpox is a serious disease. Malaria is a serious disease.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

A. Thủy đậu là bệnh nghiêm trọng và bệnh sốt rét cũng vậy.

B. Sốt rét là bệnh nghiêm trọng, nhưng thủy đậu thì không.

C. Cả thủy đậu và sốt rét đều không phải là bệnh nghiêm trọng.

D. Hoặc thủy đậu hoặc sốt rét là bệnh nghiêm trọng.

Cấu trúc: - Neither S1 + nor + S2 + V (chia theo S2): Không ...cũng không....

- Either S1 + or + S2 + V(chia theo S2): Hoặc ...hoặc ...

- so: Dùng phía sau một phát biểu khẳng định để diễn tả sự đồng tình (so + auxi + S)


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