Read the message and choose the best answer.
Patient zero is generally taken to mean the first case in a disease outbreak — but the term is often applied in different ways. When it comes to zoonotic diseases (ones that jump from animals to humans, like SARS-CoV-2), patient zero might refer to the first-ever human case — the point at which the virus spills over from an animal to a human. For the general public, however, patient zero is often used to refer to the first case in a particular region, or the first case that's come to the attention of health authorities. However, these Are not always the same thing. Sometimes the first case that's notified to us is not the first case in an outbreak. Similarly, just because someone is identified as the first case doesn't mean they spread the disease to anyone else, or behaved irresponsibly — with something like coronavirus, they may not even know they're sick.
This is part of the reason why patient zero is not a term epidemiologists or public health experts tend to use- it's not specific enough. They prefer the term index case to refer to the first person officials became aware of in an outbreak (which gives them a clue something's going on), and primary case to refer to the person who introduces a disease into a new population — a community, country or the world. Sometimes, the primary case and the index case will be the same person, but not always. For many outbreaks — such as HIV/AIDS, and possibly COVID-19 — we will never know the primary case.
While the use of the term patient zero can be fraught, tracing outbreaks back to their beginnings remains important in public health. In the early days of an outbreak, it's still possible to catch embers of disease before they become full-blown fires. “You can actually stamp them out, by identifying every case, tracking every contact, quarantining them, making sure there's no further spread,” Professor Raina Macintyre, head of biosecurity at UNSW's Kirby Institute says. But even after those critical first days or weeks, tracing cases back to patient zero can still give both health experts and relevant authorities for insights into how disease spreads and understands the role that health services and adequate sanitation systems play in controlling the spread of the disease. That’s the purpose of trying to understand an index case or a first case - to establish the opportunity to learn from the breakout and try to make sure it doesn't happen again.
According to the passage which statement is true about SARS-CoV-2?
A. A disease that only appears on animals.
B. A disease that is transmitted between species.
C. A disease that broke out in zoos.
Giải bởi qa.haylamdo.com
Chọn B
Phương pháp giải:
Đọc hiểu chi tiết
Giải chi tiết:
Theo đoạn văn, phát biểu nào về SARS-CoV-2 là đúng?
A. Là bệnh chỉ xuất hiện trên động vật.
B. Là bệnh lây truyền giữa các loài.
C. Một dịch bệnh bùng phát ở các vườn thú.
D. Là bệnh có nguồn gốc từ người.
Thông tin: When it comes to zoonotic diseases (ones that jump from animals to humans, like SARS-CoV-2), patient zero might refer to the first-ever human case — the point at which the virus spills over from an animal to a human.
Tạm dịch: Khi nói đến các bệnh lây truyền từ động vật sang người (như SARS-CoV-2), bệnh nhân zero có thể đề cập đến trường hợp đầu tiên ở người - thời điểm mà vi rút lây nhiễm từ động vật sang người.
Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
- Jane: “Can I borrow your laptop for a second? Mine is out of battery.”
- Lana: “ ____________”
My sister is a nurse, and she is on__________ at the hospital at night twice a week.
According to paragraph 3 what can be inferred about the term “antioxidant”?
It __________ to be seen whether I have made the right decision or not.
The two machines ____________considerably. One has the electric motor, the other runs on oil.
Read the message and choose the best answer.
Every time you're online, you are bombarded by pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement at their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it's so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don't get fooled!
1. …
Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don't have many real stories about other topics. If you aren't sure, click on the 'About' page and look for a clear description of the organisation.
2. Watch out for fake photos
Many fake news stories use images that are Photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts.
3. Check the story is in other places
Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn't fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story.
4. Look for other signs
There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it's probably designed to make you angry.
If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don't share it!
According to the passage, what is one reason why people make up things online?
___________1866 to 1883, the bison population in North America was reduced from an __________13 million to a few hundred.
When I came back from Columbia, the customer officer ____________empty my suitcase.
You had better stop smoking;_________, you will end up with lung cancer.
Electric lamps came into widespread use during the early 1900s and __________ other types of fat, gas or oil lamps for almost every purpose.
You look terribly exhausted. You really _________ get more sleep.
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
Supposing I _______________ to agree to your request, what would be your next action?
