Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

Despite the time of the year, yesterday’s temperature was enough hot to turn on the air conditioning

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

This concert is more worse than I expected it to be

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

As I was driving south I could see that the old road was rebuilding

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

When she returned home from work, she________a bath

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

It is important to have someone you can________in

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

He was lucky to escape from the accident with only________injuries

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

You________clean the windows. The window-cleaner is coming tomorrow

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Would you rather live in________town or in________country?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Our teacher would like________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Jane often remembered________to her mother before she died

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

They will be able to walk across the river________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

I don’t care________money. Money can’t buy happiness

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The Giant Panda has been on thev________of extinction for many years

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

What I like best of him is his________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

He leaves work early to________his daughter up from school

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

“Hello, I’d like to speak to Mr. Green, please.”

“________________________________.”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

“It’s going to rain.”

“________________.”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

The use of lasers in surgery has become relatively commonplace in recent years

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The US Congress office is adjacent to the Capitol building

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 

“I’m sorry, madam. This is the fixed price and there is no discount."

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

In common with many mothers, she feels torn between her family and her work

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

He knew little about the world nature

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

I can’t agree with you more

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

We prefer going by train because we can enjoy the sight

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

We cut down many forests. The Earth becomes hot

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

A thermometer is an instrument. We use it to measure the temperature

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

                   British parents are always complaining that their children spend too much time glued to the TV and do not have enough time on other activities (31) ________sports and reading. A survey recently (32) ________on people’s viewing habits does not approve this. It shows that young people in Britain spend on average 23 hours a week in front of the television, (33) ________works out at over three hours a day.

          (34) ________is surprising, however, is the fact that the average adult watches even more: an incredible 28 hours a week. We (35) ________to have become a nation of addicts. Just about every household in the country has a television set and over half have two or more. According to the survey, people nowadays don’t just watch television sitting in their living-rooms, they watch it in the kitchen and in bed as well

Điền vào ô số 31

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

                   British parents are always complaining that their children spend too much time glued to the TV and do not have enough time on other activities (31) ________sports and reading. A survey recently (32) ________on people’s viewing habits does not approve this. It shows that young people in Britain spend on average 23 hours a week in front of the television, (33) ________works out at over three hours a day.

          (34) ________is surprising, however, is the fact that the average adult watches even more: an incredible 28 hours a week. We (35) ________to have become a nation of addicts. Just about every household in the country has a television set and over half have two or more. According to the survey, people nowadays don’t just watch television sitting in their living-rooms, they watch it in the kitchen and in bed as well

Điền vào ô số 32

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

                   British parents are always complaining that their children spend too much time glued to the TV and do not have enough time on other activities (31) ________sports and reading. A survey recently (32) ________on people’s viewing habits does not approve this. It shows that young people in Britain spend on average 23 hours a week in front of the television, (33) ________works out at over three hours a day.

          (34) ________is surprising, however, is the fact that the average adult watches even more: an incredible 28 hours a week. We (35) ________to have become a nation of addicts. Just about every household in the country has a television set and over half have two or more. According to the survey, people nowadays don’t just watch television sitting in their living-rooms, they watch it in the kitchen and in bed as well

Điền vào ô số 33

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

                   British parents are always complaining that their children spend too much time glued to the TV and do not have enough time on other activities (31) ________sports and reading. A survey recently (32) ________on people’s viewing habits does not approve this. It shows that young people in Britain spend on average 23 hours a week in front of the television, (33) ________works out at over three hours a day.

          (34) ________is surprising, however, is the fact that the average adult watches even more: an incredible 28 hours a week. We (35) ________to have become a nation of addicts. Just about every household in the country has a television set and over half have two or more. According to the survey, people nowadays don’t just watch television sitting in their living-rooms, they watch it in the kitchen and in bed as well

Điền vào ô số 34

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

                   British parents are always complaining that their children spend too much time glued to the TV and do not have enough time on other activities (31) ________sports and reading. A survey recently (32) ________on people’s viewing habits does not approve this. It shows that young people in Britain spend on average 23 hours a week in front of the television, (33) ________works out at over three hours a day.

          (34) ________is surprising, however, is the fact that the average adult watches even more: an incredible 28 hours a week. We (35) ________to have become a nation of addicts. Just about every household in the country has a television set and over half have two or more. According to the survey, people nowadays don’t just watch television sitting in their living-rooms, they watch it in the kitchen and in bed as well

Điền vào ô số 35

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

          Most people go to a doctor in their own town or suburbs. But people in the Australian outback can’t get to a doctor quickly. The nearest doctor is sometimes hundreds of kilometers away so they have to call him on a two-way radio. This special doctor is called the “flying doctor”. He visits sick people by plane.

          When someone is sick, the doctor has to fly to the person’s home. His plane lands on a flat piece of ground near the person’s house. Sometimes the doctor has to take the patient to hospital. Flying doctors take about 8,600 people to hospital each year.

          However, most of the time the person isn’t very sick, and the doctor doesn’t have to visit. He can give advice on the radio from the office at the flying doctor center. He can tell the patient to use some medicine from a special medicine chest. There is one of these chests in every home in the outback. Each bottle, tube and packet in the chest has a number. The doctor often says something like this, “Take two tablets from bottle number 5 every four hours.”

          A man called John Flynn started the Royal Flying Doctor service in 1927. He had only one plane. Today there are 14 flying-doctor centers, 29 planes, 14 full-time doctors and several part- time doctors, nurses and dentists.

The flying doctors mentioned in this article treat their patients

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

          Most people go to a doctor in their own town or suburbs. But people in the Australian outback can’t get to a doctor quickly. The nearest doctor is sometimes hundreds of kilometers away so they have to call him on a two-way radio. This special doctor is called the “flying doctor”. He visits sick people by plane.

          When someone is sick, the doctor has to fly to the person’s home. His plane lands on a flat piece of ground near the person’s house. Sometimes the doctor has to take the patient to hospital. Flying doctors take about 8,600 people to hospital each year.

          However, most of the time the person isn’t very sick, and the doctor doesn’t have to visit. He can give advice on the radio from the office at the flying doctor center. He can tell the patient to use some medicine from a special medicine chest. There is one of these chests in every home in the outback. Each bottle, tube and packet in the chest has a number. The doctor often says something like this, “Take two tablets from bottle number 5 every four hours.”

          A man called John Flynn started the Royal Flying Doctor service in 1927. He had only one plane. Today there are 14 flying-doctor centers, 29 planes, 14 full-time doctors and several part- time doctors, nurses and dentists.

Which happens first?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

          Most people go to a doctor in their own town or suburbs. But people in the Australian outback can’t get to a doctor quickly. The nearest doctor is sometimes hundreds of kilometers away so they have to call him on a two-way radio. This special doctor is called the “flying doctor”. He visits sick people by plane.

          When someone is sick, the doctor has to fly to the person’s home. His plane lands on a flat piece of ground near the person’s house. Sometimes the doctor has to take the patient to hospital. Flying doctors take about 8,600 people to hospital each year.

          However, most of the time the person isn’t very sick, and the doctor doesn’t have to visit. He can give advice on the radio from the office at the flying doctor center. He can tell the patient to use some medicine from a special medicine chest. There is one of these chests in every home in the outback. Each bottle, tube and packet in the chest has a number. The doctor often says something like this, “Take two tablets from bottle number 5 every four hours.”

          A man called John Flynn started the Royal Flying Doctor service in 1927. He had only one plane. Today there are 14 flying-doctor centers, 29 planes, 14 full-time doctors and several part- time doctors, nurses and dentists.

The word “outback” mostly means________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

          Most people go to a doctor in their own town or suburbs. But people in the Australian outback can’t get to a doctor quickly. The nearest doctor is sometimes hundreds of kilometers away so they have to call him on a two-way radio. This special doctor is called the “flying doctor”. He visits sick people by plane.

          When someone is sick, the doctor has to fly to the person’s home. His plane lands on a flat piece of ground near the person’s house. Sometimes the doctor has to take the patient to hospital. Flying doctors take about 8,600 people to hospital each year.

          However, most of the time the person isn’t very sick, and the doctor doesn’t have to visit. He can give advice on the radio from the office at the flying doctor center. He can tell the patient to use some medicine from a special medicine chest. There is one of these chests in every home in the outback. Each bottle, tube and packet in the chest has a number. The doctor often says something like this, “Take two tablets from bottle number 5 every four hours.”

          A man called John Flynn started the Royal Flying Doctor service in 1927. He had only one plane. Today there are 14 flying-doctor centers, 29 planes, 14 full-time doctors and several part- time doctors, nurses and dentists.

The word “chest” in this context probably means________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

          Most people go to a doctor in their own town or suburbs. But people in the Australian outback can’t get to a doctor quickly. The nearest doctor is sometimes hundreds of kilometers away so they have to call him on a two-way radio. This special doctor is called the “flying doctor”. He visits sick people by plane.

          When someone is sick, the doctor has to fly to the person’s home. His plane lands on a flat piece of ground near the person’s house. Sometimes the doctor has to take the patient to hospital. Flying doctors take about 8,600 people to hospital each year.

          However, most of the time the person isn’t very sick, and the doctor doesn’t have to visit. He can give advice on the radio from the office at the flying doctor center. He can tell the patient to use some medicine from a special medicine chest. There is one of these chests in every home in the outback. Each bottle, tube and packet in the chest has a number. The doctor often says something like this, “Take two tablets from bottle number 5 every four hours.”

          A man called John Flynn started the Royal Flying Doctor service in 1927. He had only one plane. Today there are 14 flying-doctor centers, 29 planes, 14 full-time doctors and several part- time doctors, nurses and dentists.

When a patient needs a special examination, the doctor has to________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

          Most people go to a doctor in their own town or suburbs. But people in the Australian outback can’t get to a doctor quickly. The nearest doctor is sometimes hundreds of kilometers away so they have to call him on a two-way radio. This special doctor is called the “flying doctor”. He visits sick people by plane.

          When someone is sick, the doctor has to fly to the person’s home. His plane lands on a flat piece of ground near the person’s house. Sometimes the doctor has to take the patient to hospital. Flying doctors take about 8,600 people to hospital each year.

          However, most of the time the person isn’t very sick, and the doctor doesn’t have to visit. He can give advice on the radio from the office at the flying doctor center. He can tell the patient to use some medicine from a special medicine chest. There is one of these chests in every home in the outback. Each bottle, tube and packet in the chest has a number. The doctor often says something like this, “Take two tablets from bottle number 5 every four hours.”

          A man called John Flynn started the Royal Flying Doctor service in 1927. He had only one plane. Today there are 14 flying-doctor centers, 29 planes, 14 full-time doctors and several part- time doctors, nurses and dentists.

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

          Most people go to a doctor in their own town or suburbs. But people in the Australian outback can’t get to a doctor quickly. The nearest doctor is sometimes hundreds of kilometers away so they have to call him on a two-way radio. This special doctor is called the “flying doctor”. He visits sick people by plane.

          When someone is sick, the doctor has to fly to the person’s home. His plane lands on a flat piece of ground near the person’s house. Sometimes the doctor has to take the patient to hospital. Flying doctors take about 8,600 people to hospital each year.

          However, most of the time the person isn’t very sick, and the doctor doesn’t have to visit. He can give advice on the radio from the office at the flying doctor center. He can tell the patient to use some medicine from a special medicine chest. There is one of these chests in every home in the outback. Each bottle, tube and packet in the chest has a number. The doctor often says something like this, “Take two tablets from bottle number 5 every four hours.”

          A man called John Flynn started the Royal Flying Doctor service in 1927. He had only one plane. Today there are 14 flying-doctor centers, 29 planes, 14 full-time doctors and several part- time doctors, nurses and dentists.

The writer of this passage shows a/an________attitude to the flying- doctor service

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

          The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illnesses are related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume.

          That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain on our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are healthful or harmful.

          The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these producers, the practices continue.

          A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without their knowledge

How has science done a disservice to people?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

          The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illnesses are related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume.

          That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain on our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are healthful or harmful.

          The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these producers, the practices continue.

          A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without their knowledge

According to the passage, what are nitrates used for?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

          The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illnesses are related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume.

          That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain on our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are healthful or harmful.

          The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these producers, the practices continue.

          A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without their knowledge

The word “fit” is closest in meaning to

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

          The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illnesses are related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume.

          That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain on our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are healthful or harmful.

          The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these producers, the practices continue.

          A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without their knowledge

The word “these” in paragraph 2 refers to

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

          The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illnesses are related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume.

          That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain on our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are healthful or harmful.

          The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these producers, the practices continue.

          A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without their knowledge

The word “carcinogenic” is closest in meaning to

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

          The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illnesses are related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume.

          That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain on our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are healthful or harmful.

          The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these producers, the practices continue.

          A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without their knowledge

All the following statements are true EXCEPT

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

          The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illnesses are related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume.

          That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain on our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are healthful or harmful.

          The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these producers, the practices continue.

          A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without their knowledge

The word “additives” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

          The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illnesses are related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume.

          That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain on our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are healthful or harmful.

          The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these producers, the practices continue.

          A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realize the consequences add these substances to food without their knowledge

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