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Tuyển tập đề thi thử Tiếng Anh cực hay có lời giải (Đề số 15)

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Danh sách câu hỏi

Câu 1:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1

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Đáp án C. necessary, phát âm là /s/, còn lại phát âm là /∫/.

A. oceanic       /,əʊ∫i’ænɪk/      (adj): thuộc về biển, đại dương

B. commercial                       /kə'mɜ:l/        (adj): thuộc về thương mại

C. necessary   /'nesəsəri/        (adj) cần thiết

D. technician /tek'nɪn/          (n): kỹ thuật viên


Câu 2:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 2

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Đáp án D. shoulder, phát âm là /əʊ/ còn lại phát âm là /aʊ/.

A. amount      /ə'maʊnt/         lượng

B. astound      /ə'staʊnd/         (v) làm người khác ngạc nhiên

C. mouthful    /'maʊθfʊl/        (n) đầy miệng

D. shoulder     /'əʊldə(r)/        (n) vai


Câu 3:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3

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Đáp án A. electric, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai, còn lại rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.

A. electric       /ɪ'lektrɪk/         (adj) thuộc về điện

B. continent    /'kɒntɪnənt/     (n) châu lục

C. analyze       /’ænəlaɪz/         (v) phân tích

D. champion   / 'tæmpiən/      (n) nhà vô địch


Câu 4:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 4

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Đáp án C. automatic, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba, còn lại rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai.

A. accessible   /ək'səsəbl/        (adj) có thể tiếp cận

B. apprenticeship                   /ə'prentɪɪp/    (n) giai đoạn thực tập sinh

C. automatic   /,ɔ:tə'mætɪk/      (adj) tự động

D. conventional                     /kən'venənl/  (adj) thông thường


Câu 5:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 5: What I told her a few days ago were not the solution to most of her problems.

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Đáp án B. were => was

Giải thích: Chủ ngữ của từ to beWhat I told her - Điều mà tôi nói với cô ấy, đây được coi là danh từ không đếm được nên ta dùng to bewas.

Dịch nghĩa: Điều mà tôi nói với cô ấy vài ngày trước không phải là cách giải quyết cho hầu hết các vấn đề của cô ấy.


Câu 6:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 6: We are working, that means that we are contributing goods and services to our society.

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Đáp án A. that => which

Giải thích: that không được sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, nói cách khác, that không đứng sau dấu phẩy trong mệnh đề quan hệ.

Dịch nghĩa: Chúng ta đang làm việc, điều này có nghĩa là chúng ta đang đóng góp sản phẩm và dịch vụ cho xã hội.


Câu 7:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 7: Until the invention of the telephone, skyscrapers were not consider  very practical.

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Đáp án C. consider => considered

Giải thích: Ở đây cần dùng bị động.

Dịch nghĩa: Cho đến tận khi có sự phát minh ra điện thoại, những tòa nhà chọc trời không được coi là có tính thực tế.


Câu 8:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 8: The _______ price is always lower than the retail price.

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Đáp án A. wholesale

A. wholesale: bán buôn

B. bargaining: mặc cả

C. cut: giảm

D. budget: ngân quỹ

Cụm từ: wholesale price: giá bán buôn

Retail price: giá bán lẻ

Dịch nghĩa: Giá bán buôn luôn thấp hơn giá bán lẻ.


Câu 9:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 9: Charles was wearing _______ at the party.

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Đáp án D

Giải thích:

Trật tự tính từ: Ghi nhớ cụm OpSASCOMP: Opinion ý kiến/ đánh giá cá nhân - Size kích cỡ - Age cũ/mới - Shape hình dáng - Color màu sắc - Origin nguồn gốc - Material chất liệu - Purpose mục đích sử dụng.

Đối chiếu các từ đã cho ta sắp xếp được:

Funny (ngộ nghĩnh) - opinion

Wide (rộng) - size

Yellow (vàng) - color

Silk (lụa) - material

Dịch nghĩa: Charles đeo một chiếc cà vạt rất ngộ nghĩnh, to, màu vàng bằng lụa đến bữa tiệc.


Câu 10:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 10: It was ______ furniture that I didn't buy it.

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Đáp án B

Giải thích:

So adj/adv that....: quá đến nỗi mà

Such (a/an) adj noun that: là những thứ quá ... đến nỗi mà

Vì trong câu có từ furniture (danh từ không đếm được) nên ta phải sử dụng cấu trúc với such.

Dịch nghĩa: Đây là những đồ nội thất đất đến nỗi mà tôi không thể mua được.


Câu 11:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 11: Only when you grow up _______ how to organize things more neatly.

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Đáp án D

Giải thích: Khi một câu bắt đầu bằng Only When, Only after, Only by,. . .thì ta sử dụng đảo ngữ cho vế chính. Trong câu này, dịch nghĩa ra, khi mà thế này thì sẽ thế kia, ta dùng thì tương lai cho vế chính và đảo ngữ ta được cấu trúc will S V.

Dịch nghĩa: Chỉ khi bạn lớn, bạn mới biết được cách sắp xếp đồ đạc ngăn nắp.


Câu 12:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 12: After the accident, the police informed the victim's next of __________.

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Đáp án C

A. relation (n) mối quan hệ

B. blood: (n) máu, dòng máu (nghĩa bóng)

C. kin: (n) gia đình, họ hàng

D. generation: (n) thế hệ

Collocation: next of kin: người thân tín

Dịch nghĩa: Sau vụ tai nạn, cảnh sát đã thông báo cho người thân nhất của nạn nhân.


Câu 13:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 13: People living in areas need more help from charity organizations.

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Đáp án B

Vì đứng trước areas nên ta cần một tính từ. Không chọn C vì tính từ phải có dạng bị động (“bị ảnh hưởng”).

Dịch nghĩa: Những người sống trong vùng bị ảnh hưởng của lũ lụt cần nhiều sự giúp đỡ hơn từ các tổ chức từ thiện.

Các đáp án còn lại:

A. flooding (n): sự làm ngập lụt

D. flood (n): lũ lụt, nạn lụt


Câu 14:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 14: Now, don't tell anyone else what I've just told you. Remember, it is ____________.

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Đáp án C

confidential (adj): tuyệt mật

confidence (n): sự tự tin

confident (adj): tự tin

Dịch nghĩa: Lúc này đừng nói cho bất kỳ ai khác về những gì tôi kể với bạn. Hãy nhớ rằng nó là tuyệt mật.


Câu 15:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 15: You will have to _________ tired to travel.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A. call off =cancel: hủy

cut down on: giảm

put aside: tiết kiệm

Dịch nghĩa: Bạn sẽ phải hủy chuyến đi nghỉ mát nếu cảm thấy quá mệt.


Câu 16:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 16: I came on Monday at ten o'clock ________ the morning.

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Đáp án C

Trước các buổi sáng/ chiều/ tối ta dùng giới từ in.

Dịch nghĩa: Tôi đến vào thứ hai, lúc 10h sáng.


Câu 17:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 17: It would have been a much more serious accident ________ fast at the time.

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Đáp án C

Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện loại III;

Had + S + Vpp, S + would/could have Vpp

Dịch nghĩa: Đó chắc sẽ là một vụ tai nạn thảm khốc hơn nhiều nếu như anh ta lái xe nhanh vào thời điểm đó.


Câu 18:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 18: ________ Michelle tried hard, she didn't manage to win the competition.

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Đáp án B

Giải thích:

No matter how adj/adv S V: Mặc dù ... như thế nào

Even though = although + mệnh đề: mặc dù

In spite of / Despite of + N/ V_ing: mặc dù

Nonetheless = Nevertheless = However: Tuy nhiên

A sai ngữ pháp, D sai nghĩa.

B và C đúng nghĩa nhưng do phía sau dùng mệnh đề S V nên chỉ chọn được B.

Dịch nghĩa: Dù Michelle đã rất cố gắng nhưng cô ấy không thể thắng trong cuộc thi.


Câu 19:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 19: The construction of the new road is _______ winning the support of local residents

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Đáp án C

(be) dependent on: phụ thuộc vào

(be) reliant on: trông cậy vào

thanks to: nhờ có

(be) responsible to: co trách nhiệm với

Dịch nghĩa: Việc xây dụng con đường mới phụ thuộc vào việc giành được trợ cấp đóng góp của cư dân địa phương.


Câu 20:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Question 20: - “What shall we do this weekend?” – “____________.”

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Đáp án B

Các đáp án còn lại:

A. No problem: Không có gì (dùng trả lời cho câu xin lỗi)

B. Let’s go out to the zoo: Hãy đi vườn thú.

C. Oh, that’s good: Ồ hay đấy.

D. I’ll go out for dinner: Tôi sẽ đi ăn tối (câu hỏi là “we” nên trả lời “I” là không đúng)

Dịch nghĩa: - “Chúng ta sẽ làm gì vào cuối tuần này?”

- “Hãy đến sở thú chơi đi”


Câu 21:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicatelowing excha the most suitable response to complete each of the folnges.

Question 21: - “Congratulations!” – “__________.”

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Đáp án C

A. You are a good friend: Bạn là một người bạn tốt

B. You are welcome: Không có gì đâu (dùng trả lời cho câu cảm ơn)

C. Thank you: Cảm ơn.

D. I’m very happy: Tôi rất vui.

Dịch nghĩa: - “Chúc mừng nhé!”

- “Cảm ơn bạn”


Câu 22:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word/phrases SIMILAR in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 22: The earthquake caused great devastation in California.

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Đáp án C

Giải thích:

devastation: sự phá hủy

confusion: sự lộn xộn

gaps: khoảng cách

ruin: sự tàn phá

movement: sự di chuyển

Dịch nghĩa: Trận động đất gây nên sự phá hủy nặng nề ở California.


Câu 23:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word/phrases SIMILAR in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 23: He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to unleash his feelings.

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Đáp án C

Giải thích:

unleash: tháo gỡ, giải tỏa

describe: miêu tả

conceal: che giấu

release: thả ra

extend: mở rộng

Dịch nghĩa: Anh ta sinh ra trong một gia đình vô cảm, nên anh ta sẽ không bao giờ học được cách để thể hiện cảm xúc.


Câu 24:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

Question 24: There was a long period without rain in the countryside last year so the harvest was poor.

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Đáp án B. flood

famine (n): nạn đói

flood (n): lũ lụt

drought (n): hạn hán

epidemic (n): bệnh dịch

Dịch nghĩa: Có một khoảng thời gian dài không có mưa ở đất nước này vào năm ngoái nên mùa màng đói kém.


Câu 25:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

Question 25: Some animals make identical sounds when they sense danger. Thus, they appear to be communicating with each other.

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Đáp án C

identical (adj): giống nhau, đồng nhất

different (adj): khác

loud (adj) = noisy (adj): ồn ào, ầm ĩ

similar (adj) to: giống nhau, tương tự

frightening (adj): kinh khủng, khủng khiếp

Dịch nghĩa: Một vài con vật có những tiếng kêu giống nhau khi chúng cảm nhận được sự nguy hiểm. Vì vậy, chúng dường như đang giao tiếp với nhau.


Câu 26:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 26: “Why don't you ask your boss for a rise?” he asked me.

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Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: “Tại sao cậu không đề nghị giám đốc tăng lương nhỉ?” anh ấy hỏi tôi.

A. Anh ấy khuyên tôi nên đề nghị giám đốc tăng lương.

B. Anh ta gợi ý bởi giám đốc của tôi về việc tăng lương.

C. Anh ta hỏi tôi tại sao tôi không hỏi giám đốc việc tăng lương.

D. Anh ta muốn biết liệu tôi có muốn giám đốc tăng lương không.

Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang cấu gián tiếp, câu trực tiếp có Why don’t S... thì câu gián tiếp dùng động từ chính là advise theo cấu trúc: S + advised sb to do st. Còn suggest chỉ dùng khi câu trực tiếp có chủ thể còn lại tham gia vào, ví dụ như Why don’t we...?


Câu 27:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 27: Although he was very tired, he agreed to help me cook dinner.

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Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Mặc dù anh ấy rất mệt mỏi, anh ấy vẫn đồng ý giúp tôi nấu cơm tối.

A. Mặc dù mệt mỏi, anh ấy vẫn đồng ý giúp tôi nấu cơm tối.

B. Anh ấy đồng ý giúp tôi nấu cơm tối, nên anh ấy cảm thấy mệt.

C. Anh ấy quá mệt để giúp tôi nấu cơm tối.

D. Tôi muốn anh ấy giúp tôi nấu cơm tối vì tôi đang một.

Adj + as + S +V: mặc dù...


Câu 28:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 28: I'm sure it wasn't Mr. Phong you saw because he's in Ha Noi.

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Đáp án C

Dịch nghĩa: Tôi chắc chắn người bạn thấy không phải là ông Phong vì ông ấy đang không ở Hà Nội.

It can’t have been sb/st sử dụng để phỏng đoán một khả năng chắc chắn không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ.


Câu 29:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Question 29: We found the bad weather inconvenient. We chose to stay in a guest house for the night.

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Đáp án C

Dịch nghĩa: Chúng tôi thấy rằng thời tiết xấu thật bất tiện. Chúng tôi đã quyết định ở lại nhà khách một đêm.

A. Mặc cho thời tiết bất lợi, chúng tôi vẫn quyết ở lại nhà khách ban đêm.

B. Chúng tôi thấy rằng thời tiết xấu thật bất lợi, tuy nhiên chúng tôi vẫn ở lại nhà khách.

C. Thấy được thời tiết xấu thật bất tiện, chúng tôi đã quyết định ở lại nhà khách một đêm.

D. Chúng tôi thấy rằng thời tiết xấu thật bất lợi để quyết định ở lại nhà khách.


Câu 30:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Question 30: She heard the news of the death of her mother. She fainted.

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Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa: Cô ấy nghe tin về cái chết của mẹ mình. Cô đã ngất đi.

A. Khi nghe tin từ người mẹ đã chết, cô ấy đã ngất đi.

B. Khi nghe tin về cái chết của mẹ mình, cô ấy đã ngất đi.

C. Cô ấy ngất đi vậy nên cô ấy đã nghe tin về cái chết của mẹ mình.

D. Cô ấy ngất đi và sau đó đã nghe tin về cái chết của mẹ mình.


Câu 31:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

The first question we might ask is: What can you learn in college that will help you in being an employee? The schools teach (31) ______many things of value to the future accountant, doctor or electrician. Do they also teach anything of value to the future employee? Yes, they teach the one thing that it is perhaps most valuable for the future employee to know. But very few students bother to learn it. This basic skill is the ability to organize and express ideas in writing and in speaking. This means that your success as an employee will depend on your ability to communicate with people and to (32) ______ your own thoughts and ideas to them so they will (33) ______understand what you are driving at and be persuaded.

Of course, skill in expression is not enough by itself. You must have something to say in the first place. The effectiveness of your job depends much on your ability to make other people understand your work as they do on the quality of the work itself.

Expressing one's thoughts is one skill that the school can (34) ______ teach. The foundations for skill in expression have to be laidearly: an interest in and an ear (35) ______ language; experience in organizing ideas and data, in brushing aside the irrelevant, and above all the habit of verbal expression. If you do not lay these foundations during your school years, you may never have an opportunity again.
Question 31

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Đáp án C

Giải thích:

A great many (+ danh từ số nhiều): rất nhiều


Câu 32:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

The first question we might ask is: What can you learn in college that will help you in being an employee? The schools teach (31) ______many things of value to the future accountant, doctor or electrician. Do they also teach anything of value to the future employee? Yes, they teach the one thing that it is perhaps most valuable for the future employee to know. But very few students bother to learn it. This basic skill is the ability to organize and express ideas in writing and in speaking. This means that your success as an employee will depend on your ability to communicate with people and to (32) ______ your own thoughts and ideas to them so they will (33) ______understand what you are driving at and be persuaded.

Of course, skill in expression is not enough by itself. You must have something to say in the first place. The effectiveness of your job depends much on your ability to make other people understand your work as they do on the quality of the work itself.

Expressing one's thoughts is one skill that the school can (34) ______ teach. The foundations for skill in expression have to be laidearly: an interest in and an ear (35) ______ language; experience in organizing ideas and data, in brushing aside the irrelevant, and above all the habit of verbal expression. If you do not lay these foundations during your school years, you may never have an opportunity again.

Question 32

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Đáp án D

Giải thích:

A. represent: đại diện

B. transfer: di chuyển đến chỗ mới

C. interpret: dịch

D. present: thể hiện, trình bày

Ta dùng cụm present thoughts and ideas: thể hiện suy nghĩ, ý tưởng


Câu 33:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

The first question we might ask is: What can you learn in college that will help you in being an employee? The schools teach (31) ______many things of value to the future accountant, doctor or electrician. Do they also teach anything of value to the future employee? Yes, they teach the one thing that it is perhaps most valuable for the future employee to know. But very few students bother to learn it. This basic skill is the ability to organize and express ideas in writing and in speaking. This means that your success as an employee will depend on your ability to communicate with people and to (32) ______ your own thoughts and ideas to them so they will (33) ______understand what you are driving at and be persuaded.

Of course, skill in expression is not enough by itself. You must have something to say in the first place. The effectiveness of your job depends much on your ability to make other people understand your work as they do on the quality of the work itself.

Expressing one's thoughts is one skill that the school can (34) ______ teach. The foundations for skill in expression have to be laidearly: an interest in and an ear (35) ______ language; experience in organizing ideas and data, in brushing aside the irrelevant, and above all the habit of verbal expression. If you do not lay these foundations during your school years, you may never have an opportunity again.

Question 33

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Đáp án C

Giải thích:

Both A and B: cả A và B

Either A or B: hoặc A hoặc B

A and B as well: cả A và B

Vì phía sau ta thấy and nên chọn both.


Câu 34:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

The first question we might ask is: What can you learn in college that will help you in being an employee? The schools teach (31) ______many things of value to the future accountant, doctor or electrician. Do they also teach anything of value to the future employee? Yes, they teach the one thing that it is perhaps most valuable for the future employee to know. But very few students bother to learn it. This basic skill is the ability to organize and express ideas in writing and in speaking. This means that your success as an employee will depend on your ability to communicate with people and to (32) ______ your own thoughts and ideas to them so they will (33) ______understand what you are driving at and be persuaded.

Of course, skill in expression is not enough by itself. You must have something to say in the first place. The effectiveness of your job depends much on your ability to make other people understand your work as they do on the quality of the work itself.

Expressing one's thoughts is one skill that the school can (34) ______ teach. The foundations for skill in expression have to be laidearly: an interest in and an ear (35) ______ language; experience in organizing ideas and data, in brushing aside the irrelevant, and above all the habit of verbal expression. If you do not lay these foundations during your school years, you may never have an opportunity again.

Question 34

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Đáp án B

Giải thích:

A. quite (adv) khá là

B. really (adv) thực sự, dùng để nhấn mạnh

C. truly (adv) thành thật mà nói, dùng trong trường nghĩa thật - giả, không tương đương với really

D. hardly (adv) hiếm khi, gần như không xảy ra

Đọc đoạn sau thì ta thấy thực tế kĩ năng trình bày được dạy ở trường, nên cần điền từ khẳng định, không dùng từ phủ định hardly. Trong các từ còn lại chỉ có really là dùng được vì các từ khác không hợp nghĩa và không đúng trường nghĩa.


Câu 35:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

The first question we might ask is: What can you learn in college that will help you in being an employee? The schools teach (31) ______many things of value to the future accountant, doctor or electrician. Do they also teach anything of value to the future employee? Yes, they teach the one thing that it is perhaps most valuable for the future employee to know. But very few students bother to learn it. This basic skill is the ability to organize and express ideas in writing and in speaking. This means that your success as an employee will depend on your ability to communicate with people and to (32) ______ your own thoughts and ideas to them so they will (33) ______understand what you are driving at and be persuaded.

Of course, skill in expression is not enough by itself. You must have something to say in the first place. The effectiveness of your job depends much on your ability to make other people understand your work as they do on the quality of the work itself.

Expressing one's thoughts is one skill that the school can (34) ______ teach. The foundations for skill in expression have to be laidearly: an interest in and an ear (35) ______ language; experience in organizing ideas and data, in brushing aside the irrelevant, and above all the habit of verbal expression. If you do not lay these foundations during your school years, you may never have an opportunity again.

Question 35

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Đáp án B

Giải thích:

Have an ear for: có khả năng nhận diện và bắt chước các âm thanh


Câu 36:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Diversity is a hallmark of life, an intrinsic feature of living systems in the natural world. The demonstration and celebration of this diversity is an endless rite. Look at the popularity of museums, zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens. The odder the exhibit, the more different it is from the most common and familiar life forms around us, the more successful it is likely to be. Nature does not tire of providing oddities for people who look for them. Biologists have already formally classified 1.7 million species. As many as 30 to 40 million more may remain to be classified. (1)

Most people seem to take diversity for granted. If they think about it at all they assume it exists in endless supply. Nevertheless, diversity is endangered as never before in its history. Advocates of perpetual economic growth treat living species as expendable. As a result an extinction crisis of unprecedented magnitude is under way. Worse yet, when diversity needs help most, it is neglected and misunderstood by much of the scientific community that once championed it. (2)

Of the two great challenges to the legitimacy of this diversity, the familiar one comes primarily from economists. Their argument, associated with such names as Julian Simon, Malcolm McPherson and the late Herman Kahn, can be paraphrased: "First, if endangered species have a value as resources - which has been greatly exaggerated - then we should be able to quantify that value so that we can make unbiased, objective decisions about which species, if any, we should bother to save, and how much the effort is worth. Secondly, the global threat to the diversity of species, particularly in the tropics, has been overestimated. Thirdly, we have good substitutes for the species and ecosystems that are being lost, and these substitutes will nullify the damage caused by the extinctions". (3)

The structure of the argument seems to me to be identical in form to that of an old joke from the American vaudeville circuit. One elderly lady complained to another about her recent vacation at a resort in the Catskill Mountains in New York State. "The food was terrible", she moaned. "Pure poison, I couldn't eat a bite. And the portions were so tiny!" (4)

Species may be valuable, but not especially so, and the threat to them has been exaggerated. But this does not matter anyway, say the economists, because we can replace any species that vanishes.(5)

It is not clear how much of an impact this argument has on the informed public, but it has certainly provoked an outcry among scientific conservationists. It has set the terms for, and dominated, most of the pro-diversity literature of the past few years, making it a literature of response, thus limiting its scope and creative force.

Question 36: The word "intrinsic" in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Từ “intrinsic” [thực chất, cơ bản] trong bài viết gần nghĩa nhất với _________.

A. cơ bản

B. đặc biệt

C. khác biệt

D. để thay đổi


Câu 37:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Diversity is a hallmark of life, an intrinsic feature of living systems in the natural world. The demonstration and celebration of this diversity is an endless rite. Look at the popularity of museums, zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens. The odder the exhibit, the more different it is from the most common and familiar life forms around us, the more successful it is likely to be. Nature does not tire of providing oddities for people who look for them. Biologists have already formally classified 1.7 million species. As many as 30 to 40 million more may remain to be classified. (1)

Most people seem to take diversity for granted. If they think about it at all they assume it exists in endless supply. Nevertheless, diversity is endangered as never before in its history. Advocates of perpetual economic growth treat living species as expendable. As a result an extinction crisis of unprecedented magnitude is under way. Worse yet, when diversity needs help most, it is neglected and misunderstood by much of the scientific community that once championed it. (2)

Of the two great challenges to the legitimacy of this diversity, the familiar one comes primarily from economists. Their argument, associated with such names as Julian Simon, Malcolm McPherson and the late Herman Kahn, can be paraphrased: "First, if endangered species have a value as resources - which has been greatly exaggerated - then we should be able to quantify that value so that we can make unbiased, objective decisions about which species, if any, we should bother to save, and how much the effort is worth. Secondly, the global threat to the diversity of species, particularly in the tropics, has been overestimated. Thirdly, we have good substitutes for the species and ecosystems that are being lost, and these substitutes will nullify the damage caused by the extinctions". (3)

The structure of the argument seems to me to be identical in form to that of an old joke from the American vaudeville circuit. One elderly lady complained to another about her recent vacation at a resort in the Catskill Mountains in New York State. "The food was terrible", she moaned. "Pure poison, I couldn't eat a bite. And the portions were so tiny!" (4)

Species may be valuable, but not especially so, and the threat to them has been exaggerated. But this does not matter anyway, say the economists, because we can replace any species that vanishes.(5)

It is not clear how much of an impact this argument has on the informed public, but it has certainly provoked an outcry among scientific conservationists. It has set the terms for, and dominated, most of the pro-diversity literature of the past few years, making it a literature of response, thus limiting its scope and creative force.

Question 37: Which feature of the natural world do people find especially fascinating?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Đâu là đặc điểm của thế giới tự nhiên mà con người thấy hứng thú nhất?

A. sự đa dạng, muôn vẻ

B. hình thức cổ kính

C. lễ nghi kì lạ

D. những loài chưa được phân loại

Giải thích: Thông tin ở đoạn 1 “Nature does not tire of providing oddities for people who look for them” [Thiên nhiên không ngừng mang đến những điều mới lạ cho con người, những người mà luôn tìm kiếm nó]


Câu 38:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Diversity is a hallmark of life, an intrinsic feature of living systems in the natural world. The demonstration and celebration of this diversity is an endless rite. Look at the popularity of museums, zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens. The odder the exhibit, the more different it is from the most common and familiar life forms around us, the more successful it is likely to be. Nature does not tire of providing oddities for people who look for them. Biologists have already formally classified 1.7 million species. As many as 30 to 40 million more may remain to be classified. (1)

Most people seem to take diversity for granted. If they think about it at all they assume it exists in endless supply. Nevertheless, diversity is endangered as never before in its history. Advocates of perpetual economic growth treat living species as expendable. As a result an extinction crisis of unprecedented magnitude is under way. Worse yet, when diversity needs help most, it is neglected and misunderstood by much of the scientific community that once championed it. (2)

Of the two great challenges to the legitimacy of this diversity, the familiar one comes primarily from economists. Their argument, associated with such names as Julian Simon, Malcolm McPherson and the late Herman Kahn, can be paraphrased: "First, if endangered species have a value as resources - which has been greatly exaggerated - then we should be able to quantify that value so that we can make unbiased, objective decisions about which species, if any, we should bother to save, and how much the effort is worth. Secondly, the global threat to the diversity of species, particularly in the tropics, has been overestimated. Thirdly, we have good substitutes for the species and ecosystems that are being lost, and these substitutes will nullify the damage caused by the extinctions". (3)

The structure of the argument seems to me to be identical in form to that of an old joke from the American vaudeville circuit. One elderly lady complained to another about her recent vacation at a resort in the Catskill Mountains in New York State. "The food was terrible", she moaned. "Pure poison, I couldn't eat a bite. And the portions were so tiny!" (4)

Species may be valuable, but not especially so, and the threat to them has been exaggerated. But this does not matter anyway, say the economists, because we can replace any species that vanishes.(5)

It is not clear how much of an impact this argument has on the informed public, but it has certainly provoked an outcry among scientific conservationists. It has set the terms for, and dominated, most of the pro-diversity literature of the past few years, making it a literature of response, thus limiting its scope and creative force.

Question 38: Which does the author mean by saying "Most people seem to take diversity for granted"?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D

Dịch nghĩa: Tác giả muốn thể hiện gì khi nói “Most people seem to take diversity for granted” -  Hầu hết mọi người không quý trọng sự đa dạng?

A. Nhiều người đánh giá cao sự da dang.

B. Hầu hết mọi người nghĩ đa dạng rất đặc biệt.

C. Hầu hết mọi người cho rằng đa dạng không nên bị đặt trong bảo tàng.

D. Nhiều người không nhận ra giá trị thực của sự đa dạng.


Câu 39:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Diversity is a hallmark of life, an intrinsic feature of living systems in the natural world. The demonstration and celebration of this diversity is an endless rite. Look at the popularity of museums, zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens. The odder the exhibit, the more different it is from the most common and familiar life forms around us, the more successful it is likely to be. Nature does not tire of providing oddities for people who look for them. Biologists have already formally classified 1.7 million species. As many as 30 to 40 million more may remain to be classified. (1)

Most people seem to take diversity for granted. If they think about it at all they assume it exists in endless supply. Nevertheless, diversity is endangered as never before in its history. Advocates of perpetual economic growth treat living species as expendable. As a result an extinction crisis of unprecedented magnitude is under way. Worse yet, when diversity needs help most, it is neglected and misunderstood by much of the scientific community that once championed it. (2)

Of the two great challenges to the legitimacy of this diversity, the familiar one comes primarily from economists. Their argument, associated with such names as Julian Simon, Malcolm McPherson and the late Herman Kahn, can be paraphrased: "First, if endangered species have a value as resources - which has been greatly exaggerated - then we should be able to quantify that value so that we can make unbiased, objective decisions about which species, if any, we should bother to save, and how much the effort is worth. Secondly, the global threat to the diversity of species, particularly in the tropics, has been overestimated. Thirdly, we have good substitutes for the species and ecosystems that are being lost, and these substitutes will nullify the damage caused by the extinctions". (3)

The structure of the argument seems to me to be identical in form to that of an old joke from the American vaudeville circuit. One elderly lady complained to another about her recent vacation at a resort in the Catskill Mountains in New York State. "The food was terrible", she moaned. "Pure poison, I couldn't eat a bite. And the portions were so tiny!" (4)

Species may be valuable, but not especially so, and the threat to them has been exaggerated. But this does not matter anyway, say the economists, because we can replace any species that vanishes.(5)

It is not clear how much of an impact this argument has on the informed public, but it has certainly provoked an outcry among scientific conservationists. It has set the terms for, and dominated, most of the pro-diversity literature of the past few years, making it a literature of response, thus limiting its scope and creative force.

Question 39: Which adjective best describes the writer's attitude towards the community?

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Đáp án C

Dịch nghĩa: Đâu là tính từ tốt nhất để miêu tả thái độ của tác giá đối với cộng đồng khoa học?

A. tôn trọng

B. ủng hộ

C. phê bình

D. không hiểu biết rõ

Giải thích: Thông tin ở câu cuối đoạn 2 “Worse yet, when diversity needs help most, it is neglected and misunderstood by much of the scientific community that once championed it”

[Tồi tệ hơn, khi mà đa dạng sinh học cần sự giúp đỡ nhiều nhất thì nó lại bị làm ngơ và hiểu nhầm bởi cộng động khoa học, người mà đã từng một thời đấu tranh vì nó]


Câu 40:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Diversity is a hallmark of life, an intrinsic feature of living systems in the natural world. The demonstration and celebration of this diversity is an endless rite. Look at the popularity of museums, zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens. The odder the exhibit, the more different it is from the most common and familiar life forms around us, the more successful it is likely to be. Nature does not tire of providing oddities for people who look for them. Biologists have already formally classified 1.7 million species. As many as 30 to 40 million more may remain to be classified. (1)

Most people seem to take diversity for granted. If they think about it at all they assume it exists in endless supply. Nevertheless, diversity is endangered as never before in its history. Advocates of perpetual economic growth treat living species as expendable. As a result an extinction crisis of unprecedented magnitude is under way. Worse yet, when diversity needs help most, it is neglected and misunderstood by much of the scientific community that once championed it. (2)

Of the two great challenges to the legitimacy of this diversity, the familiar one comes primarily from economists. Their argument, associated with such names as Julian Simon, Malcolm McPherson and the late Herman Kahn, can be paraphrased: "First, if endangered species have a value as resources - which has been greatly exaggerated - then we should be able to quantify that value so that we can make unbiased, objective decisions about which species, if any, we should bother to save, and how much the effort is worth. Secondly, the global threat to the diversity of species, particularly in the tropics, has been overestimated. Thirdly, we have good substitutes for the species and ecosystems that are being lost, and these substitutes will nullify the damage caused by the extinctions". (3)

The structure of the argument seems to me to be identical in form to that of an old joke from the American vaudeville circuit. One elderly lady complained to another about her recent vacation at a resort in the Catskill Mountains in New York State. "The food was terrible", she moaned. "Pure poison, I couldn't eat a bite. And the portions were so tiny!" (4)

Species may be valuable, but not especially so, and the threat to them has been exaggerated. But this does not matter anyway, say the economists, because we can replace any species that vanishes.(5)

It is not clear how much of an impact this argument has on the informed public, but it has certainly provoked an outcry among scientific conservationists. It has set the terms for, and dominated, most of the pro-diversity literature of the past few years, making it a literature of response, thus limiting its scope and creative force.

Question 40: Which statement represents the views of economists?

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Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa: Câu nào trong số các phát biểu sau đây thể hiện quan điểm của các nhà kinh tế học?

A. Bảo vệ các loài vật đang gặp nguy hiểm là chuyện rất quan trọng.

B. Những loài vật đang gặp nguy hiểm không có giá trị nào với họ cả.

C. Chỉ một vài phần của thế giới tự nhiên đang bị đe dọa.

D. Những loài vật mới sẽ rất cần thiết.

Giải thích: Thông tin ở đoạn 3 “if endangered species have a value as resources - which has been greatly exaggerated” [những loài động vật đang gặp nguy hiểm có giá trị như những nguồn tài nguyên - cái mà đang được thổi phồng quá mức]


Câu 41:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Diversity is a hallmark of life, an intrinsic feature of living systems in the natural world. The demonstration and celebration of this diversity is an endless rite. Look at the popularity of museums, zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens. The odder the exhibit, the more different it is from the most common and familiar life forms around us, the more successful it is likely to be. Nature does not tire of providing oddities for people who look for them. Biologists have already formally classified 1.7 million species. As many as 30 to 40 million more may remain to be classified. (1)

Most people seem to take diversity for granted. If they think about it at all they assume it exists in endless supply. Nevertheless, diversity is endangered as never before in its history. Advocates of perpetual economic growth treat living species as expendable. As a result an extinction crisis of unprecedented magnitude is under way. Worse yet, when diversity needs help most, it is neglected and misunderstood by much of the scientific community that once championed it. (2)

Of the two great challenges to the legitimacy of this diversity, the familiar one comes primarily from economists. Their argument, associated with such names as Julian Simon, Malcolm McPherson and the late Herman Kahn, can be paraphrased: "First, if endangered species have a value as resources - which has been greatly exaggerated - then we should be able to quantify that value so that we can make unbiased, objective decisions about which species, if any, we should bother to save, and how much the effort is worth. Secondly, the global threat to the diversity of species, particularly in the tropics, has been overestimated. Thirdly, we have good substitutes for the species and ecosystems that are being lost, and these substitutes will nullify the damage caused by the extinctions". (3)

The structure of the argument seems to me to be identical in form to that of an old joke from the American vaudeville circuit. One elderly lady complained to another about her recent vacation at a resort in the Catskill Mountains in New York State. "The food was terrible", she moaned. "Pure poison, I couldn't eat a bite. And the portions were so tiny!" (4)

Species may be valuable, but not especially so, and the threat to them has been exaggerated. But this does not matter anyway, say the economists, because we can replace any species that vanishes.(5)

It is not clear how much of an impact this argument has on the informed public, but it has certainly provoked an outcry among scientific conservationists. It has set the terms for, and dominated, most of the pro-diversity literature of the past few years, making it a literature of response, thus limiting its scope and creative force.

Question 41: What point is the writer trying to make about the economists' arguments by including the joke in paragraph 4?

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Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa: Tác giả muốn nói điều gì về quan điểm của các nhà kinh tế học khi thêm vào đoạn 4 một mẩu truyện cười?

A. Trường hợp của họ đã bị nói quá

B. Lập luận của họ thiếu logic

C. Họ quá bi quan

D. Họ thờ ơ với quan điểm của dân thưởng.

Giải thích: Tác giả nói lập luận của các nhà kinh tế giống với một câu truyện cười: Bà ta kêu thức ăn tệ, bẩn, không ăn được miếng nào, chia phần còn quá nhỏ” - bà ta nói không liên quan đến nhau.

Như vậy, tác giả có ý nói các nhà kinh tế lập luận không logic.


Câu 42:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Diversity is a hallmark of life, an intrinsic feature of living systems in the natural world. The demonstration and celebration of this diversity is an endless rite. Look at the popularity of museums, zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens. The odder the exhibit, the more different it is from the most common and familiar life forms around us, the more successful it is likely to be. Nature does not tire of providing oddities for people who look for them. Biologists have already formally classified 1.7 million species. As many as 30 to 40 million more may remain to be classified. (1)

Most people seem to take diversity for granted. If they think about it at all they assume it exists in endless supply. Nevertheless, diversity is endangered as never before in its history. Advocates of perpetual economic growth treat living species as expendable. As a result an extinction crisis of unprecedented magnitude is under way. Worse yet, when diversity needs help most, it is neglected and misunderstood by much of the scientific community that once championed it. (2)

Of the two great challenges to the legitimacy of this diversity, the familiar one comes primarily from economists. Their argument, associated with such names as Julian Simon, Malcolm McPherson and the late Herman Kahn, can be paraphrased: "First, if endangered species have a value as resources - which has been greatly exaggerated - then we should be able to quantify that value so that we can make unbiased, objective decisions about which species, if any, we should bother to save, and how much the effort is worth. Secondly, the global threat to the diversity of species, particularly in the tropics, has been overestimated. Thirdly, we have good substitutes for the species and ecosystems that are being lost, and these substitutes will nullify the damage caused by the extinctions". (3)

The structure of the argument seems to me to be identical in form to that of an old joke from the American vaudeville circuit. One elderly lady complained to another about her recent vacation at a resort in the Catskill Mountains in New York State. "The food was terrible", she moaned. "Pure poison, I couldn't eat a bite. And the portions were so tiny!" (4)

Species may be valuable, but not especially so, and the threat to them has been exaggerated. But this does not matter anyway, say the economists, because we can replace any species that vanishes.(5)

It is not clear how much of an impact this argument has on the informed public, but it has certainly provoked an outcry among scientific conservationists. It has set the terms for, and dominated, most of the pro-diversity literature of the past few years, making it a literature of response, thus limiting its scope and creative force.

Question 42: The position of the scientific conservationists has been weakened because they have _________.

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Đáp án C

Giải thích: Vị trí của những nhà bảo tồn khoa học trở nên yếu thế hơn bởi vì họ đã _______.

A. lấy lý lẽ của những nhà kinh tế học

B. thất bại trong việc đối thoại với cộng đồng

C. mất đi vị thế chủ động trong cuộc tranh luận

D. phản kháng quá kịch liệt

Giải thích: Thông tin ở đoạn cuối cùng “It is not clear how much of an impact this argument has on the informed public, but it has certainly provoked an outcry among scientific conservationists. It has set the terms for, and dominated” [Không rõ là ảnh hưởng của những lý lẽ này đến công chúng ra sao, nhưng chắc chắn rằng nó đã dẫn đến sự phản đối kịch liệt của những nhà bảo tồn khoa học. Nó đã đặt ra giới hạn và áp đảo. . .] Lí luận của nhà kinh tế chiếm thế chủ đạo, nghĩa là vị trí của nhà bảo tồn khoa học sẽ ngược lại là mất đi, yếu hơn.


Câu 43:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 43: What does the passage mainly discuss?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa: Đoạn văn bàn luận về vấn đề gì?

A. Ảnh hưởng về mặt kinh tế của ô nhiễm môi trường.

B. Yếu tố nào cấu thành nên chất gây ô nhiễm không khí.

C. Chất gây ô nhiễm không khí có thể gây hại như thế nào.

D. Ảnh hưởng của các hợp chất đến bầu khí quyển.

Giải thích: Ý A không có trong bài, C và D chỉ là chi tiết rất nhỏ trong bài. Ý B bao quát các đoạn hơn cả.


Câu 44:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 44: The word "adversely" is closest in meaning to ____________.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Từ “adversely” - tiêu cực, gần nghĩa nhất với _________.

A. tiêu cực                                                                          B. nhanh chóng

C. rõ ràng là, phải thừa nhận là                                      D. đáng kể


Câu 45:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 45: It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _________.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C

Dịch nghĩa: Có thể suy ra từ đoạn đầu tiên là _________.

A. hơi nước là chất gây ô nhiễm không khí ở một số địa phương.

B. phần lớn các chất gây ô nhiễm không khí hiện nay đều có thể nhìn thấy hoặc ngửi thấy.

C. định nghĩa về chất gây ô nhiễm không khí sẽ tiếp tục thay đổi.

D. một chất trở thành chất gây ô nhiễm chỉ ở thành phố.

Giải thích: Đoạn 1 nói về các chất ô nhiễm không khí đã thay đổi từ quá khứ đến hiện tại, dự đoán thay đổi ở tương lai, như vậy đáp án C là chuẩn nhất.


Câu 46:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 46: The word "altered" is closest in meaning to _______.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D

Dịch nghĩa: Từ “altered” - thay thế, thay đổi, gần nghĩa nhất với _________.

A. loại bỏ                                                                             B. gây ra

C. chậm lại                                                                         D. thay đổi


Câu 47:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 47: Natural pollutants can play an important role in controlling air pollution for which of the following reasons?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Những chất ô nhiễm tự nhiên có thể đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc kiểm soát ô nhiễm không khí vì sao?

A. Chúng hoạt động như một phần của quá trình làm sạch.

B. Chúng xuất hiện với số lượng lớn hơn rất nhiều so với các chất gây ô nhiễm khác.

C. Chúng ít có hại hơn đến những vật thể sống so với các chất ô nhiễm khác.

D. Chúng đã tồn tại từ khi Trái đất phát triển.

Giải thích: Thông tin ở đoạn cuối “In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle.”


Câu 48:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 48: According to the passage, which of the following is true about human-generated air pollution in localized regions?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa: Theo như đoạn văn, trong số những câu sau, đâu là câu đúng khi nói về ô nhiễm không khí do con người tạo ra ở những vùng địa phương?

A. Nó có thể bị hạn chế những chất thải tự nhiên của chất gây ô nhiễm môi trường tại vùng địa phương

B. Nó có thể áp đảo hệ thống tự nhiên mà loại bỏ những chất gây ô nhiễm.

C. Nó sẽ làm hư hại những khu vực phía ngoài vùng địa phương.

D. Nó sẽ phản ứng gây hại cùng với những chất gây ô nhiễm tự nhiên khác.

Giải thích: Thông tin ở “The concentrations at which the adverse efiects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities”


Câu 49:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 49:According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if ___________.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C

Dịch nghĩa: Theo như đoạn văn, sự tập trung cao độ của một chất chỉ có lợi khi ________.

A. các chất khác trong khu vực đều được biết đến

B. nó ở một vùng riêng biệt

C. tỉ lệ xuất hiện tự nhiên được biết đến

D. nó có thể được tính toán nhanh chóng

Giải thích: Thông tin ở đoạn cuối “in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area”


Câu 50:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 50: Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Trong số những câu sau, câu nào đúng nhất, theo đoạn văn?

A. Để có thể kiểm soát hiệu quả ô nhiễm, chính quyền địa phương cần thường xuyên xem xét lại luật về ô nhiễm không khí.

B. Một trong những bước quan trọng nhất để bảo tồn đất đai thiên nhiên là áp dụng tốt hơn luật lệ về ô nhiễm không khí.

C. Nên tham khảo các nhà khoa học để có thể đề ra giới hạn chung về chất gây ô nhiễm không khí.

D. Hoạt động của con người rất có hiệu quả trong việc giảm thiểu ô nhiễm không khí.


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